从历史决定论到被过度解释的“多元决定论”——关于政治经济学批判方法论之当代意义的若干思考

发布时间：2018-04-28 15:46

本文选题：政治经济学批判 + 历史决定论　；参考：《社会科学战线》2017年09期

【摘要】：《政治经济学批判导言》方法论重心是强调生产的历史性总体性以及资本主义社会结构复杂矛盾的历时性特征;而阿尔都塞则把马克思的方法论与弗洛伊德的精神分析论结合,并在落后国家革命的不平衡性发展历史经验基础上,把马克思的历史决定论改造成为超级结构(super-structure)的"过度决定论"(surdétermination);斯图亚特·霍尔则在继承阿尔都塞与德里达等人的思想基础上,以《导言》中关于生产、分配、交换与消费辩证关系理论为重心,将其转换成广义生产关系四环节循环组合的、偶然链接的多元决定论(overdetermination)。通过比较研究大卫·哈维对政治经济学批判方法论的解释,可以得出结论:马克思的历史决定论不可取消,而只可将其复杂化、具体化。阿尔都塞与霍尔分别对历史决定论的结构主义与解构主义解释,所给出的新的方法论启示与教训是,坚持历史决定论是捍卫历史唯物主义科学抽象性的必然要求,而对历史决定论的多元结构主义解释与差异偶然论的解构,又是马克思主义认识复杂具体的政治与文化现实所必须付出的"理论代价"。
[Abstract]:The focus of methodology is to emphasize the historical totality of production and the diachronic features of the complicated contradictions of capitalist social structure, while Althusser combines Marx's methodology with Freud's psychoanalytic theory. And on the basis of the historical experience of the unbalanced development of revolution in backward countries, The "excessive determinism" of Marx's historical determinism is transformed into super-structure super-structure.Stuyat Hall, on the basis of inheriting the ideas of Althusser and Derrida, uses the "introduction" to deal with production and distribution. The theory of dialectical relation between exchange and consumption is taken as the center of gravity, and it is transformed into the multivariate determinism overdeterminationof the generalized relations of production, which is composed of four links of circulation and accidental link. Through a comparative study of David Harvey's explanation of the methodology of critique of political economy, it can be concluded that Marx's historical determinism cannot be cancelled, but can only be complicated and concretized. Althusser and Hall explain the structuralism and deconstruction of historical determinism respectively. The new methodology enlightenment and lesson is that insisting on historical determinism is the inevitable requirement to defend the abstract nature of historical materialism. However, the deconstruction of the pluralistic structuralism of historical determinism and the theory of chance difference is the "theoretical price" that Marxism must pay to understand the complicated and concrete political and cultural reality.
【作者单位】：南京大学哲学系暨马克思主义社会理论研究中心;
【基金】：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目(13JJD710002)
【分类号】：B089.1

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