论张载气学的特点及其人文关怀

发布时间：2018-04-30 13:29

本文选题：太虚 + 气　；参考：《哲学研究》2017年05期

【摘要】：张载认为,太虚至善,太虚是"至虚之实",太虚之"实",本质上是气。"神"是太虚内在的条理、规律。太虚本体是气与神的合一。阴阳之气创造了物质世界,太虚则论证阴阳之气创造物质世界何以可能。太虚也是一德性本体、价值本体。张载论证太虚至善,指向两大现实人文关怀:首先,由太虚至善推导出"天地之性"存在正当性。孟子思想对张载人性论有所影响,张载"君子有弗性",源自孟子的"君子所性"。其次,仁是"事"之本体,人世间的制度与伦理,都必须以仁为体,才能获得存在的正当性。仁实际上成为人类文化与制度文明背后隐伏的道德基础、价值依托和人文精神。仁义精神的张扬,实质上是人作为主体性存在的挺立。本体主体化,儒家为天下立法,是张载德性本体论的内在旨趣与"本来面目"。
[Abstract]:Zhang Zai believes that too virtual and most good, too virtual is "the most empty of reality", too virtual of the "reality", in essence is Qi. " "God" is too empty of the internal order, law. Taixu Noumenon is the unity of Qi and God. Yin-yang Qi creates the material world, and Taixu demonstrates how Yin-Yang Qi creates the material world. Taixu is also a virtue Noumenon, value Noumenon. Zhang Zai's argumentation points to two realistic humanistic concerns: first, the legitimacy of the existence of "nature of heaven and earth" is deduced from Taixu to goodness. Mencius thought has an influence on Zhang Zai's theory of human nature. Zhang Zai's "Superior character" originates from Mencius'"Superior character". Secondly, benevolence is the Noumenon of "matter". The system and ethics in the world must take benevolence as the body in order to obtain the legitimacy of existence. Benevolence has actually become the moral basis, value support and humanistic spirit behind human culture and institutional civilization. In essence, the publicity of benevolence and righteousness is the stand of human being as subjectivity. Noumenon subjectivity, Confucian legislation for the world, is Zhang Zai's moral ontology of the internal purport and "the true face."
【作者单位】：山东大学儒学高等研究院;
【基金】：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“汉代哲学基本范畴研究”(编号13JJD720011)的阶段性成果之一
【分类号】：B244.4

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