论“问题导向”的科学哲学

发布时间：2018-05-07 16:19

本文选题：问题导向 + 问题　；参考：《哲学研究》2017年03期

【摘要】：一部科学哲学史就是一部以问题为导向的对科学知识的增长和进步进行探讨的历史。逻辑实证主义者从追寻有意义的问题出发探讨命题和命题系统,将问题合法性程度由绝对合法变成相对合法,将科学发展看作合法问题累积式的渐进过程。波普尔在问题的动态演进中把握问题合法性,把科学进步看成一种经过证伪环节的问题突现式增生过程。拉卡托斯的问题转换理论是对波普尔四段图式的精致化处理,较好地说明了问题及其发展的合法性。库恩更为全面地描述了问题的合法发展,通过常规问题、经验反常问题和革命性问题刻画了合法问题阶段性的累积特征和革命性的非累积特征。劳丹依托研究传统对问题本身进行了细致的划分,通过问题的合法转换描述和规范科学进步,为开放和自由的科学探究活动提供了一种更为客观的历史描述和有力的哲学支持。
[Abstract]:A history of scientific philosophy is a problem-oriented history of the growth and progress of scientific knowledge. Logical positivists discuss propositions and propositional systems from pursuit of meaningful problems, change the legitimacy of problems from absolute legality to relative legality, and regard scientific development as a gradual process of accumulation of legal problems. Popper grasps the legitimacy of the problem in the dynamic evolution of the problem and regards scientific progress as a protruding process of problem proliferation. Lakatos's theory of problem transformation is a refinement of Popper's four-section schema, which illustrates the problem and the legitimacy of its development. Kuhn describes the legal development of the problem in a more comprehensive way. Through the conventional problem, the empirical abnormal problem and the revolutionary problem, the cumulative characteristics of the legitimate problem and the revolutionary non-cumulative feature are described. Depending on the tradition of research, Lauren divides the problem itself carefully, describes the problem legally and standardizes the scientific progress, which provides a more objective historical description and a powerful philosophical support for the open and free scientific inquiry.
【作者单位】：华侨大学哲学与社会发展学院;
【基金】：2011年度国家社科基金项目“科学问题的评价指标研究”(编号11BZX031) 2016年度第三期华侨大学高层次人才科研启动项目“科学问题的评价”(编号16SKBS303)的阶段性成果
【分类号】：N02

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