从内感官窥探康德的先验观念论

发布时间：2018-05-11 06:57

本文选题：内感官 + 先验观念论　；参考：《中国政法大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：本文以内感官为康德《纯粹理性批判》的视角切入点,考察先验观念论的重要主张以及内感官在其中所起到的重要作用,以此阐发内感官学说在康德知识论中的价值与意义。本文以《纯粹理性批判》为主要文本,围绕内感官问题进行论述,分别就内感官在康德知识论中的两个视阈,即对象意识与自我意识中所表征的内涵为论点,试图将内感官作为这两个视阈之间的逻辑联结以烘托康德先验观念论的中心思想。其次将康德先验观念论置于近代知识论发展的历史框架中,以纵向视角理解康德先验观念论在哲学史中所表现出来的独特内涵。在对象意识中,内感官首先表现为时间的直观形式。时间与内感官具有不可分割的紧密联系,因而对于时间与内感官之间的关系的阐述是第二章的重点。在此基础上,内感官表现为经验的直观,区别于时间的纯直观形式,是使经验对象在场的被动性能力,笔者通过考察对象被给予内感官时的“刺激”概念,论证内感官与经验对象的同质关系,并且正是这种同质关系使得内感官具有经验实在性的表征作用,而这种经验实在性也是康德先验观念论中的重要一面。在自我意识中,围绕内感官问题展现出诸多复杂的范畴关系,内感官作为一种经验的统觉,与先验统觉、时间意识、先验想象力等诸多范畴相互缠绕,构建出康德自我意识理论的复杂性。因而第三章将内感官分别以知性及意识作为区分其外性与内性的依据,在两个视角中整体论述内感官在自我意识中的重要作用。其中,内感官的外性仍然表现为对象意识在知性领域中的引申部分,内感官作为一种内直观表现为为知性提供质料的经验性范畴；而内感官的内性则进入康德自我反思的视阈中,康德的自我意识理论表现为主体对于自身作为客体的刺激并形成一种可知现象,而自我意识中的刺激则不同于对象意识中的刺激,表现为先验想象力对内感官的综合功能,内感官作为经验的统觉为先验统觉的思维能力提供了作为现象的表象,使得理性与知性无法超越经验而认识背后的自在之我,这就是内感官学说在先验观念论中所起的中心作用,也即贯穿康德内感官学说的核心观念。本文在两个视阈的考察中所得到的结论是：内感官问题对于康德先验观念论的主张起到了不可或缺的支撑作用,这个学说虽然本身并未在康德哲学中得到充分发挥,但它隐含在康德的重要思想之中,并起到了最基础的作用,这也是内感官能做到理解康德知识论的切入点的原因,即本文的意义所在。
[Abstract]:From the perspective of Kant's critique of Pure reason, this paper examines the important propositions of transcendental concept and the important role played by internal senses in Kant's theory of knowledge, so as to elucidate the value and significance of the theory of internal senses in Kant's theory of knowledge. This paper takes "critique of Pure reason" as the main text, discusses the problem of internal senses, and points out the two visual thresholds of internal senses in Kant's theory of knowledge, that is, the connotation of object consciousness and self-consciousness. This paper attempts to regard the inner senses as the logical connection between these two thresholds in order to contrast the central idea of Kant's transcendental concept. Secondly, Kant's transcendental concept is placed in the historical framework of the development of modern knowledge theory, and the unique connotation of Kant's transcendental concept in the history of philosophy is understood from a vertical perspective. In the object consciousness, the internal senses are first shown as the visual form of time. Time and internal senses are inextricably related, so the relationship between time and internal senses is the focus of the second chapter. On this basis, the expression of internal senses is the intuition of experience, which is different from the pure intuitive form of time, and is the passive ability to make the objects of experience present. The author examines the concept of "stimulation" when the objects are given the internal senses. This paper demonstrates the homogeneity relationship between internal senses and experiential objects, and it is this kind of homogeneity that makes the internal senses have the representation of empirical reality, which is also an important aspect of Kant's transcendental concept. In self-consciousness, there are many complicated category relations around internal sensory problems. As a kind of experience, internal senses are intertwined with transcendental apocalypse, time consciousness, transcendental imagination and so on. Construct the complexity of Kant's theory of self-consciousness. Therefore, the third chapter discusses the important role of internal senses in self-consciousness from two perspectives. Among them, the externality of internal senses is still the extension part of object consciousness in the field of knowledge, and the internal senses as an empirical category that provides material for knowledge as an internal intuitionistic performance; The internality of the inner senses enters the threshold of Kant's self-reflection. Kant's theory of self-consciousness shows that the subject stimulates himself as an object and forms a kind of knowable phenomenon. The stimulus in self-consciousness is different from the stimulus in object consciousness, which is manifested as the comprehensive function of transcendental imagination to internal senses, and the inner senses, as the apocalypse of experience, provide the appearance of phenomena for the thinking ability of transcendental apocalypse. It makes reason and understanding unable to transcend experience and understand the free self behind it, which is the central function of internal sensory theory in transcendental concept theory, that is, the core idea that runs through Kant's inner sensory theory. The conclusion of this paper is that internal sensory problems play an indispensable supporting role in Kant's theory of transcendental concept, although the theory itself has not been fully developed in Kant's philosophy. But it is implicit in Kant's important thought and plays the most basic role, which is the reason why the internal senses can understand Kant's theory of knowledge, that is, the meaning of this paper.
【学位授予单位】：中国政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：B516.31

【参考文献】