法家生存观及其底线设计

发布时间：2018-05-13 04:32

本文选题：法家 + 韩非子　；参考：《东北师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：本文旨在通过梳理总结学界以往关于法家的思想认识,总结提炼法家关于生存问题的政治原理层面的认识,同时关注现实中法家的生存手段,以期对法家思想作出一些历史的阐释与反思。本文共分为五章。第一章主要梳理法家学派的研究概况,对法家学派起源与划分、法家理论的基本问题进行概要性的梳理。同时,总结先秦诸子关于“生”与“存”的论述,提出检视生存问题的必要性。第二章分析生存的出现及其初步解决办法,最初人们为应对生存的威胁结社以自保,国家由此形成,君主亦经由推举产生。但君主产生方式由禅让制演进为继承制,国家会随之出现无法保证民众生存的状况。第三章就此问题提出应对举措,以法限制君权,并且以法律防范民众犯罪。杨朱则从无君论的角度提出了另类的解决方案,成为法家思想的有力补充。第四章提出现实的生存举措,以“术”保护君主的生存,以重农抑商、力行耕战的方式保障国家的生存,以军功爵制、民爵制度等为庶民提供公平的上升空间。第五章分析法家思想的理论局限,从孟子与韩非子的“伊尹之辩”中可以看出韩非子对其思想中的有些成分亦颇为矛盾,从韩非版的“直躬证父”故事中可以看出法家理论的单一化倾向,最后从儒道关于“经典难题”的辩论中得出法家理论设计为底线设计的结论。
[Abstract]:The purpose of this paper is to summarize the previous ideas of Legalists in academic circles, to summarize and refine their understanding of the political principles of survival, and to pay attention to the means of survival of Legalists in reality. In order to make some historical interpretation and reflection on Legalist thought. This paper is divided into five chapters. The first chapter mainly combs the general situation of the research of the Legalist School, summarizes the origin and division of the Legalist School and the basic problems of the Legalist Theory. At the same time, it sums up the pre-Qin scholars' exposition of "life" and "existence", and puts forward the necessity of examining the problem of existence. The second chapter analyzes the emergence of survival and its preliminary solution. At first, people protect themselves in order to deal with the threat of survival. The state is formed from this, and the monarch is also elected. But the monarchy evolved from the Zen system to the inheritance system, and the state could not guarantee the survival of the people. The third chapter puts forward the countermeasures to limit the monarchy by law, and to prevent the public from committing crimes by law. Yang Zhu put forward an alternative solution from the point of view of monarchy and became a powerful supplement to Legalist thought. The fourth chapter puts forward the realistic survival measures, protects the survival of the monarch with "skill", protects the survival of the country by the way of emphasizing agriculture and suppressing commerce, and protects the survival of the country by practicing the ploughing war, and provides the common people with a fair rising space by the system of military meritorious service and the system of people's viscount. The fifth chapter is the theoretical limitation of the theory of the analytic thought. From Mencius and Han Feizi's "the debate of Yi Yin", we can see that Han Feizi also quite contradicts some elements in his thought. The single tendency of Legalism theory can be seen from the story of "straight bow to prove Father" in Han Fei edition. Finally, the conclusion that the design of Legalism theory is the bottom line design is drawn from the debate on "classic puzzle" of Confucianism and Taoism.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B226

【参考文献】