道家杨朱人生哲学新论——从老子到庄子的摆渡

发布时间：2018-05-17 11:14

本文选题：原始道家 + 杨朱　；参考：《云南大学学报(社会科学版)》2017年06期

【摘要】：杨朱是一位原始道家哲学人物,他以自然主义感觉论即人是一个感性实体为地基,以物我、人己、生死、名实等范畴为构架,构建了其"重生""为我"的自然主义生命哲学体系。与列子一样,杨朱是从老子到庄子的一个极为重要的过渡,丰富了庄子的生命哲学,所以,学界有"老、杨、列、庄"之说。但是,由于史料的不足和认识上的偏颇,自孟子以后,杨朱"轻物重生""人人为我"的思想被曲解了,成了自私自利的利己主义的化身。实则,杨朱"重生"的实质是"贵义",其"为我"的目的是"为人"。杨朱受了老子思想的影响,以"全性保真"为宗旨;在思想上,反儒非墨,认为儒家的仁义道德不但虚伪,而且害性伤真,墨家的兼爱、利他则虚妄不实。因此,具有理想个人主义思想的杨朱主张以"人人不利天下则天下治"的自治来对抗儒家礼乐的君制,以自爱、自利、尚异来取代墨家的泛爱、利他、尚同。而杨朱张扬主体的思想则富有积极的现代性。
[Abstract]:Yang Zhu is a primitive Taoist philosophical figure. He is based on naturalistic sensualism, that is, man is a perceptual entity, and is framed by the categories of matter, self, life and death, name and reality, etc. Constructed its "rebirth" and "for me" naturalistic philosophy of life system. Like Li Zi, Yang Zhu is an extremely important transition from Laozi to Zhuangzi, which enriches Zhuangzi's philosophy of life. However, due to the shortage of historical data and the bias of cognition, Yang Zhu's thought of "rebirth of light things" and "everyone for me" was misinterpreted since Mencius, and became the embodiment of selfish egoism. In fact, the essence of Yang Zhu's Rebirth is Gui Yi, and its purpose is to be human. Under the influence of Laozi's thought, Yang Zhu took "all-sex fidelity" as the purpose; in thought, he opposed Confucianism and non-Mohism, and believed that Confucian morality of benevolence and righteousness was not only hypocritical, but also harmful to truth, and the Mohist school had both love and altruism, while altruism was illusory. Therefore, Yang Zhu, who has the ideal individualism thought, advocates the autonomy of "everyone is unfavorable to the world, the world governs the whole world" to resist the monarchy system of Confucian etiquette and music, and to replace the Mohist's pan-love, altruism and altruism with self-love, self-interest and dissimilarity. Yang Zhu's thought of the subject is full of positive modernity.
【作者单位】：安徽省社会科学院;
【分类号】：B223.3

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