论朱子仁学思想

发布时间：2018-05-18 10:21

本文选题：朱子 + 仁说　；参考：《中山大学学报(社会科学版)》2017年01期

【摘要】：在宋代道学史上,有相当一批学者发出"仁至难言"的感叹,甚至建构了庞大经典诠释系统的朱子也不免叹息"仁字最难形容",因为在他们看来,孔孟言仁多属"指示"语而非定义语。故自宋初始,儒家仁学就面临着如何诠释及重构的问题,这一任务经由二程至朱子而得以完成。朱子在对二程前后的各种仁说进行理论清算的基础上,继承和发扬了二程仁说中的一体义、感通义、生生义以及仁性爱情说、以公体仁说、天地之心说、心如谷种说、仁道仁理说等思想观点,建构起一套新仁学,全面揭示了仁的要义,即以下四点:仁者天地生物之心也、仁者人之所以为人之理也、仁者心之德爱之理、仁者人之所以尽性至命之枢要也。朱子仁学意味着传统的仁学论述实现了伦理学与宇宙论、本体论多重视野的交融,使得仁的诠释不再仅限于爱人、爱亲等伦理层面而发生了明显的心性化、宇宙化、本体化的转向,极大地丰富了儒家仁学的思想内涵,在儒家文化发展史上乃至当今重振儒学的时代背景中都显示了重要的理论价值。
[Abstract]:In the history of Taoism in the Song Dynasty, quite a number of scholars lamented "benevolence to unspeakable," and even Zhu Zi, who has constructed a huge system of classical interpretation, could not help sighing that "the word of benevolence is the most difficult to describe," because in their view, Confucius and Mencius Yan mostly belong to "deixis" rather than definition. Therefore, since the beginning of Song Dynasty, Confucian benevolence has been faced with the problem of interpretation and reconstruction, which was accomplished by two stages to Zhu Zi. On the basis of the theoretical liquidation of the various benevolence theories before and after the second stage, Zhu Zi inherited and carried forward the theory of unity, sense, life, and benevolence of the two Cheng Ren's theories. He said that, according to the theory of public benevolence, the theory of the heart of heaven and earth, the theory of the heart of the earth and the earth, and the theory of the heart as a valley, By constructing a set of new benevolence theories, such as benevolence, benevolence and reason, it fully reveals the essentials of benevolence, that is, the following four points: the heart of the benevolent person, the reason why the benevolent person is a human being, and the reason for the moral love of the benevolent heart. A benevolent man is so full of nature that he wants to die. Zhu Zi's benevolence theory means that the traditional benevolence argumentation realizes the blending of ethics and cosmology, and the ontological multi-visual field of vision, which makes the interpretation of benevolence no longer confined to the ethical level of love and affection, but has taken place obviously psychologically and cosmically. The turn of Noumenon greatly enriches the connotation of Confucian benevolence and shows important theoretical value in the history of Confucian culture development and even in the background of reviving Confucianism today.
【作者单位】：复旦大学哲学学院;
【基金】：国家社会科学基金重点项目(13AZD024)
【分类号】：B244.7

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