马克思主义哲学方法论的实践转化研究

发布时间：2018-05-20 21:31

本文选题：马克思主义哲学 + 实践　；参考：《曲阜师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：哲学是世界观,又是方法论,马克思主义哲学也是如此。然而,马克思的整个世界观不是教义,而是方法,是进一步研究的出发点和供这种研究使用的方法。马克思主义哲学作为方法论,不仅关注反思批判现实、探索科学真理,更注重实际地变革现实社会。马克思主义哲学方法论表现出了鲜明的实践旨趣或取向。从方法的根源上看,任何正确的方法都是从实践中得来的,既是与客观规律相一致的,也内涵着实践主体预期的目的。因而,方法既不能单纯的从客体方面去理解,也不能单纯地从抽象的主体去理解,更不能从思辨的主客体之间的关系去理解,而必须从属人的现实世界、从现实的实践活动中去理解。从实践性上来理解,马克思主义哲学是实践的世界观,也是实践的方法论。实践世界观不是把世界看作是人类实践活动的产物而非外在于人的。马克思主义哲学理论所揭示的不是物质的本性及其规律,而是实践的本性、实践活动规律,强调实践的主客体之间、主客观之间的辩证统一。因而,在方法论上,它不是要人按自在或外在的客观规律办事,而是人按照自身实践活动的规律办事。这种方法论在根本上是以实践性为根本特征的实践方法论。实践包含着哲学方法论的全部理论的胚芽。实践本身就包含着主体、客体和主客体关系,从实践出发必定引出处理客体、主体以及二者关系的方法论,形成哲学的方法论体系。马克思主义哲学方法论形成、发展的基础是实践,只有充分理解实践的观点,才能准确把握其哲学方法论。马克思主义哲学内在的实践本性决定了其方法论向实践转化的必然性。这一转化表现在下述两个方面:其一是从方法论的理论观念向实践观念的转化,其二是从实践观念向对象化的具体的实践活动转化。这两方面相辅相成,是相互转化、相互促进的。然而,这一转化的实施必然面临着一系列的困难和问题。马克思主义哲学方法论向实践的转化,在一定意义上表现为马克思主义哲学的中国化,这也是其方法论向实践转化的创新和发展。在这一方面,在中国的社会主义革命和建设的不同时期,党和国家领导人把马克思主义哲学和中国具体国情相结合,形成了一系列创造性的方法论理论成果,诸如一切从实际出发,理论联系实际,解放思想,具体问题具体分析,实事求是,坚定不移地坚持群众路线,发扬为人们服务的精神。这些成果对建设有中国特色的社会主义实践有着巨大的理论价值和意义。
[Abstract]:Philosophy is the world outlook and methodology, and so is Marxist philosophy. However, Marx's whole worldview is not a doctrine, but a method, a starting point and a method for further study. As a methodology, Marxist philosophy not only pays attention to rethinking and criticizing the reality, exploring the scientific truth, but also pays more attention to the practical transformation of the real society. The methodology of Marxist philosophy shows distinct practical purport or orientation. From the root of the method, any correct method is obtained from practice, which is consistent with the objective law and also implies the expected purpose of the subject of practice. Therefore, the method can not only be understood from the object aspect, nor from the abstract subject, but also from the speculative relationship between the subject and object, but must be subordinate to the real world of human beings. Understand from the practical activities. From the perspective of practice, Marxist philosophy is the world outlook of practice and the methodology of practice. The world view of practice does not regard the world as a product of human practice but not as human being. What Marxist philosophical theory reveals is not the nature of matter and its law, but the nature of practice and the law of practice activity, emphasizing the dialectical unity between subject and object of practice and between subject and objective. Therefore, in methodology, it is not necessary for people to act according to the objective laws of freedom or external, but to act according to the laws of their own practical activities. This methodology is essentially a practical methodology characterized by practicality. Practice contains the germ of the whole theory of philosophical methodology. Practice itself contains the relationship between subject, object and subject and object. From practice, the methodology of dealing with object, subject and the relationship between them must be elicited, thus forming the methodology system of philosophy. The development of Marxist philosophical methodology is based on practice. Only by fully understanding the viewpoint of practice can we grasp its philosophical methodology accurately. The inherent practice nature of Marxist philosophy determines the inevitability of the transformation from methodology to practice. This transformation is manifested in the following two aspects: one is the transformation from the theoretical concept of methodology to the concept of practice, and the other is the transformation from the concept of practice to the concrete practical activity of objectification. These two aspects complement each other and are mutually transformed and mutually promoted. However, the implementation of this transformation is bound to face a series of difficulties and problems. To a certain extent, the transformation of Marxist philosophical methodology to practice is manifested in the Sinicization of Marxist philosophy, which is also the innovation and development of the transformation from methodology to practice. In this respect, in different periods of China's socialist revolution and construction, party and state leaders have combined Marxist philosophy with China's specific national conditions, forming a series of creative methodological theoretical achievements. For example, everything is based on reality, theory is combined with practice, emancipation of the mind, concrete analysis of specific problems, seeking truth from facts, unswervingly adhering to the mass line, and carrying forward the spirit of serving the people. These achievements have great theoretical value and significance to the practice of building socialism with Chinese characteristics.
【学位授予单位】：曲阜师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B01

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