理想主义意识形态的基础和社会功能研究

发布时间：2018-05-30 00:40

本文选题：理想主义 + 异化　；参考：《西北农林科技大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：“理想主义意识形态”这个概念是从社会病理学的研究视角下提出的,在充分把握意识形态内涵的基础上,从人类历史中的理想主义社会观着手,步步深入理想主义意识形态的核心本质,探索形成它的社会基础和它的实践对社会发挥的功能。理想主义自古就有,是人类从自身状况发展出来的对美好生活的向往和追求,其本质是意识形态与社会存在严重相分离的产物——集体妄想症,是病态社会心理。人在越残酷的现实里,越是容易滋生妄想症,脱离现实的理想赋予人们激情和冲动,影响人们对现实的客观认知。理想主义意识形态是带超现实倾向的思维模式体系,它基于人类对“普遍理性”的过分信任,对人类所掌握的理性抱有不切实际的幻想。政治理想主义、宗教理想主义、道德理想主义和社会理想主义是理想主义意识形态的主要类型。理想主义意识形态往往产生于经济贫困、极权政治、科学落后文化愚昧和封闭的社会、民族和相应的社会阶层,在人的武断力量的干涉和操控下形成。上述条件是产生理想主义意识形态的经济、政治、文化等社会现实基础,这些基础会造社会集体妄想症、集体和个人崇拜等病态社会心理状态,通过集体无意识的作用,成为理想主义意识形态的社会心理基础。作为有机体的社会共同体,社会与个人一样都具有理想,即使是贫困、愚昧的人,也对美好的生活状态充满期待。这样,个人的社会理想深深地根植于存在明显局限性的人性之中,即知识的有限性和对完满无限世界的向往和追求。理想主义意识形态最显著的特点就是具有超越客观现实的理想性,价值目标与客观现实的脱节,是通过造成人和社会的异化发挥功能的。从理想主义意识形态的实践对社会有机体和社会运行的效果来探讨其社会功能,不难发现在政治、经济、文化领域产生了消极影响。理想主义意识形态实行的绝对平均主义和计划经济体制,加剧了社会的贫困;在脱离现实的政治理想、道德理想和社会理想破灭之后,造成广泛的社会退行;文化禁锢导致贫困文化,造成人们的价值观念和行为方式绝对化和狭隘化;超越现实基础设置社会共同目标,缺乏实现的手段与途径,会造成目标理性异化为工具非理性的社会越轨行为;阻碍社会分工和社会分化,造成社会有机体的机械和僵化;无视个人价值,否认个人有差异的和不断增长的物质文化需求,导致人被异化为机器。它对社会发展的效果一言以蔽之:逆社会化,反社会分化。在不完满的社会现实基础和社会心理基础上形成的理想主义意识形态,既是社会有机体病变的原因,也是不可避免的结果,两者互为条件和结果,互相加强,使社会共同体陷入恶性运行的循环之中,直至社会系统崩溃。
[Abstract]:The concept of "idealistic ideology" is put forward from the perspective of social pathology. On the basis of fully grasping the connotation of ideology, the concept of idealistic society in human history is started. Step by step go deep into the core essence of idealistic ideology and explore its social foundation and the function of its practice to the society. Idealism, which has existed since ancient times, is the yearning and pursuit of good life developed by human beings from their own situation. Its essence is the product of the serious separation of ideology and society-collective paranoia and morbid social psychology. The more cruel reality is, the easier it is to breed paranoia. The ideal of getting away from reality endows people with passion and impulse, and influences people's objective cognition of reality. Idealistic ideology is a system of thinking mode with surrealistic tendency. It is based on human's excessive trust in "universal rationality" and has unrealistic illusions about the rationality that human beings have mastered. Political idealism, religious idealism, moral idealism and social idealism are the main types of idealistic ideology. Idealistic ideology often comes from economic poverty, totalitarian politics, scientific backwardness and cultural ignorance and closed society, ethnic groups and corresponding social strata, under the interference and control of the arbitrary forces of human beings. The above conditions are the economic, political, cultural and other social realities that produce idealistic idealism, which can create social collective paranoia, collective and personality cult and other morbid social psychological states, through the role of collective unconscious. To become the social psychological basis of idealistic ideology. As an organic social community, society has the same ideals as individuals, even the poor, stupid people, but also full of expectations for a better life. In this way, the individual's social ideal is deeply rooted in the obvious limitation of human nature, that is, the limitation of knowledge and the yearning and pursuit of the perfect infinite world. The most remarkable feature of idealistic ideology is that it has the ideal of surpassing the objective reality, the disconnection between the value goal and the objective reality, and the disconnection between the value goal and the objective reality, which can bring into play its function through the alienation of human beings and society. From the effect of idealistic ideology on social organism and social operation, it is not difficult to find that it has a negative influence in the fields of politics, economy and culture. The absolute egalitarianism and planned economic system implemented by idealistic ideology have aggravated the poverty of the society, and caused widespread social retreat after the political ideal, moral ideal and social ideal which were divorced from reality were destroyed. Cultural imprison leads to the culture of poverty, which leads to the absolute and narrow of people's values and ways of behavior, sets common social goals beyond the realistic foundation, and lacks the means and means to achieve them. It can lead to the alienation of objective rationality into instrumental irrational social deviant behavior; hinder social division of labor and social division, resulting in mechanical and rigid social organisms; ignore individual values and deny individual differences and growing material and cultural needs. Leading to the alienation of human beings into machines. Its effect on social development in a word: anti-socialization, anti-social differentiation. Idealistic ideology, formed on the basis of imperfect social reality and social psychology, is not only the cause of social organic diseases, but also the inevitable result. Causes the social community to fall into the vicious movement cycle, until the social system collapses.
【学位授予单位】：西北农林科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：B036

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