苏联马克思主义哲学教育及其得失启示

发布时间：2018-05-30 06:25

本文选题：苏联 + 马克思主义哲学教育　；参考：《上海大学》2015年博士论文

【摘要】：马克思主义哲学教育是社会主义国家开展思想政治教育的特色。我国马克思主义哲学教育需要不断改革创新,通过对苏联马克思主义哲学教育(苏联哲学教育)的考察,有利于我国马克思主义哲学教育的顺利开展。作为维护苏共政权建设和国家教育基础的马克思主义哲学教育,是苏联思想政治教育、意识形态教育的基本组成部分。苏联马克思主义哲学教育历经了从开端、多样化阶段、一体化阶段、改革与稳定发展阶段到蜕变阶段的演变,既展现了苏联哲学教育的整体发展图景,也大体反映了苏联思想政治教育发展的基本状况。苏联哲学教育是以国家权力为后盾的、融知识教育和信仰教育于一体的、对全体苏联民众进行的教化活动。在长期的教育实践中,苏联哲学教育形成了鲜明的特征:在培养目标上,具有明确的指向性;在教育对象上,具有普遍性;在教育原则上,呈现出系统性;在教学过程中,强调制度化;在教学内容上,突出体系化等,形成了苏联特色的马克思主义哲学教育。这些显性的特征,反映了苏联哲学教育的基本性质。本文认为,苏联哲学教育留下了丰富的经验也存在着重大的失误。苏联哲学教育对马克思主义哲学的传承,对意识形态教育基础的巩固,对社会主义建设人才的培养和其他社会主义国家哲学教育的发展,都具有积极意义。但苏联哲学教育也存在着严重的失误。由于过多的行政干预,导致哲学教育出现行政化;教学中把哲学党性泛化为阶级斗争,使哲学教育沦落为政治斗争的工具;由于哲学文本诠释和教学实践中的教条主义,导致哲学教育的教条主义倾向;“左”的和“右”的政治运动,破坏了哲学教育的生态;教学中重“灌输”轻互动、脱离日常生活,导致哲学教育与实际脱离;孤立开展哲学教育,割裂了马克思主义整体性;哲学教学体系长期自我封闭、出现人道主义嬗变,致使哲学教育偏离了方向。苏联哲学教育与我国马克思主义哲学教育具有深厚的渊源关系。本文认为,我国对哲学教育乃至思想政治教育的整体改革,从根本上说仍然是摆脱苏联哲学教育体系的探索。马克思主义哲学是社会主义意识形态的基础,苏联哲学教育的失误是导致苏联意识形态僵化的重要因素,这一深刻的教训,值得我们深思。在我国马克思主义理论教育改革中,关键在于能否正确认识苏联哲学教学体系,经过不断探索,才能超越苏联哲学教学体系,实现教育创新。在世界社会主义运动处于低谷和意识形态面临诸多思潮挑战的时代,我国马克思主义哲学教育的任务更加艰巨。我们理应不断吸取苏联应对社会思潮的经验和教训,防微杜渐,充分发挥马克思主义哲学教育的功能,正确认识和科学引领各种社会思潮,才能牢牢把握意识形态的主导权,走中国特色社会主义之路。
[Abstract]:The Marx philosophy education is the characteristic of the ideological and political education in the socialist country. The Marx philosophy education in China needs to reform and innovate continuously. Through the investigation of the Soviet Marx Philosophy Education (the Soviet Philosophy Education), it is beneficial to the smooth development of the Marx philosophy education in China. The Marx philosophy education, which is based on the national education foundation, is the basic component of the ideological and political education of the Soviet Union and the ideological education. The Soviet Marx philosophy education has undergone the evolution from the beginning, the diversification stage, the integration stage, the stage of reform and stable development to the metamorphosis stage, which not only shows the whole of the Soviet Philosophy Education. It also reflects the basic situation of the development of Ideological and political education in the Soviet Union. The Soviet Philosophy Education is the education of the Soviet people, which is integrated with the knowledge education and belief education. In the long term educational practice, the Soviet Philosophy Education has formed a distinctive feature: the cultivation of the goal in the long term education practice. It has a clear directivity; it is universal in the object of education; it is systematic in the educational principle; in the course of teaching, the emphasis on institutionalization; in the teaching content and in the system, the Marx philosophy education with Soviet characteristics has been formed. These explicit features reflect the basic nature of the Soviet philosophical education. It is believed that the Soviet Philosophy Education has left rich experience and great mistakes. The Soviet Philosophy Education has positive significance to the inheritance of Marx's philosophy, the consolidation of ideological education foundation, the cultivation of socialist construction talents and the development of other socialist countries' philosophical education. There is a serious error. As a result of excessive administrative intervention, philosophical education appears to be administrative; in teaching, philosophical party nature is generalized into class struggle, and philosophical education is reduced to a tool for political struggle; because of philosophical text interpretation and dogmatism in teaching practice, the tendencies of dogmatism in philosophical education; "left" and "right" The political movement destroyed the ecology of philosophy education; in teaching, "instilling" light interaction and divorced from daily life resulted in philosophical education divorced from reality; isolated carrying out philosophical education and split the integrity of Marx's doctrine; philosophy teaching system was closed for a long time and appeared humanitarianism, causing philosophical education to deviate from the direction of the Soviet Union. There is a deep relationship between philosophical education and Marx's philosophy education in China. This article holds that the overall reform of philosophy education and even ideological and political education in our country is still the exploration of getting rid of the Soviet philosophy education system. Marx's philosophy is the basis of socialist ideology and the failure of the Soviet philosophy education. It is an important factor leading to the ossification of the Soviet ideology. This profound lesson deserves our deep thought. In the reform of Marx's theory in China, the key lies in the correct understanding of the Soviet Philosophy teaching system. Through continuous exploration, we can transcend the Soviet Philosophy Teaching System and achieve educational innovation. In the era of many ideological challenges facing the low valley and ideology, the task of Marx's philosophy education in our country is more arduous. We should constantly absorb the experience and lessons of the Soviet Union's response to the social trend of thought and give full play to the function of Marx's philosophy education and correct understanding and scientific guidance of various social thoughts. Grasp the dominant power of ideology and take the road of socialism with Chinese characteristics.
【学位授予单位】：上海大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：B0-0

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