马克思唯物史观视野下的“社会”范畴

发布时间：2018-06-14 18:56

本文选题：马克思主义 + “社会”范畴　；参考：《华中师范大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：“社会”这一概念是马克思文本中重复出现次数较多的一个概念,是马克思主义的核心范畴之一,它涉及个人、历史、国家、社会形态等多个范畴,在马克思主义理论中占有极其重要的地位。马克思的任何理论都不是从“无”中凭空创造出来的,其理论的产生都有深刻的思想渊源,“社会”范畴也不例外。追本溯源,马克思“社会”范畴起源于西方的社会与国家理论,起初,哲学家们将社会与国家同一而论,直接将社会等同于政治共同体,近代以来随着各种政治理论的不断发展,社会与国家这两个概念逐渐分离开来,黑格尔更是直接提出了“国家高于市民社会"的理论。马克思分析当时的政治状况时,率先批判了黑格尔的这种理论,从生产关系方面解读市民社会,确定了社会决定国家的基本逻辑。费尔巴哈的人本思想也给了马克思重大启示,马克思自己也承认,社会就是建立在人的差别基础之上的联系,但与费尔巴哈的类不同的是,马克思的社会是基于现实的个人,联系的方式是现实的实践活动。马克思“社会”范畴的内容博大精深,对这一范畴的理解,既要把握其内涵,了解其本质,也要区分与其相似的相关概念,更要理清这一范畴的发展脉络。本文从静态和动态两个维度论述“社会"范畴的内涵。一方面,从“社会”范畴的产生、表现形式等方面对其进行了存在论分析。马克思认为社会虽然作为一个与“个人”直接对立的概念而存在,但其实质仍是一个普遍的人类概念,是个人的特殊利益与人类的共同利益相互作用的产物。他对于社会关系式的表现形式的论述,直接体现了其唯物主义的观点,因为这种关系不是费尔巴哈的“感性直观”的关系,而是建立在现实生产关系之上的“关系”。由于“社会”概念本身的使用趋于泛化,因此对于“社会”范畴的把握还需要建立在与国家、历史等概念的区分上,特别是与国家概念的区分,因为“社会”这一范畴的形成就是建立在二者的差别的基础上的。另一方面,马克思的“社会”概念本身就不是一个绝对静止的范畴,是人与社会、人与自然、人与人这三重关系的统一,不仅涉及社会的发展,还涉及社会形态的演进,这就要求我们以历史的、发展的眼光看待“社会”范畴。综上所述,马克思的“社会”范畴在唯物史观中占有重要地位,他关系式哲学思维方式、“改变世界”的哲学任务以及“以人为本”的立论都为我们从事哲学研究提供了新的方法论。
[Abstract]:The concept of "society" is one of the more repeated times in Marx's text. It is one of the core categories of Marx's doctrine. It involves a number of categories such as individual, history, state and social form. It occupies an extremely important position in the theory of Marx's doctrine. Any theory of Marx is not created from "nothing". There is a profound ideological origin and the category of "society" is no exception. The category of Marx's "society" originated from the western society and the state theory. At first, the philosopher took society and the state in the same way, and directly equated society with the political community. When the two concepts of society and state were separated gradually, Hagel put forward the theory of "the country is higher than the civil society". When Marx analyzed the political situation at that time, Marx took the lead in criticizing Hagel's theory, reading the social society from the relation of production and determining the basic logic of the society deciding the state. Felba The thought of Kazakhstan has also given Marx a great inspiration, and Marx himself admits that society is a connection based on the difference between people, but unlike the class of Feuerbach, Marx's society is based on the reality of the individual, and the way of contact is practical and practical. The content of Marx's "society" is profound and profound. To understand this category, we should not only grasp its connotation, understand its essence, but also distinguish its similar concepts, but also clarify the development of this category. This article discusses the connotation of the category of "society" from two dimensions of static and dynamic. On the one hand, it has a theory of existence from the production of the category of "society" and the form of expression. Marx believes that although society exists as a concept that is directly opposed to "individual", the essence of society is still a universal human concept, a product of the interaction of the individual's special interests and the common interests of human beings. His exposition of the form of social relations embodies the materialist viewpoint directly, Because this relationship is not Feuerbach's "perceptual intuition" relationship, but a "relationship" based on real production relations. Because the use of the concept of "society" tends to be generalized, the grasp of the category of "society" needs to be built on the distinction from the concepts of state and history, especially in the area of the concept of state. The formation of the category of "society" is based on the difference between the two. On the other hand, the concept of Marx's "society" is not a category of absolute stillness. It is the unity of the three relations between man and society, man and nature, and man and man, not only the development of society, but also the evolution of social form. This requires us to look at the category of "society" in a historical and developing perspective. To sum up, Marx's category of "society" occupies an important position in historical materialism, his philosophical thinking mode of relational philosophy, the philosophical task of "changing the world" and the "people-oriented" theory provide a new way for us to engage in philosophical research. Theory.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：B03

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