祭祀的“理”与“教”——从朱熹晚年两封论学书信谈起

发布时间：2018-06-21 08:12

本文选题：朱熹 + 祭祀　；参考：《安徽大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2017年04期

【摘要】：在晚年与弟子讨论祭祀鬼神问题时,朱熹针对《中庸》"鬼神之为德"章的观点,特别反对以"设教"的态度对待祭祀。通过梳理早期儒家经典文献有关祭祀的说法可以发现,强调"如在"和"设教"的维度,构成了儒家政教秩序对待祭祀的基本主张,这也极大影响了儒者看待祭礼的主要态度。不过,通过重新诠释经典中"如在"的含义,并从"理"的超越维度和"诚"的真实维度去阐释祭祀背后的道理和依据,朱熹论证了鬼神在祭祀中"真实无妄"的存在,以此赋予儒家祭祀天理的自然正当性,而不是单纯从功能和效果的角度去宣扬"礼"的政治和社会价值。借由这样的努力,朱熹在"理"与"礼"之间确立起了一种内在关联,从而为儒家政教秩序奠定了更为牢固的根基。
[Abstract]:In his later years, when discussing the issue of offering sacrifices to ghosts and gods with his disciples, Zhu Xi especially opposed the attitude of "establishing religion" to deal with sacrifice in view of the view that "the spirit of ghosts and gods is virtue" in the mean of "the Golden mean". By combing the early Confucian classical literature about sacrifice, it can be found that emphasizing the dimensions of "such as in" and "setting up religion" constitutes the basic proposition of Confucian state and religion order to treat sacrifice, which greatly affects the main attitude of Confucian people to regard sacrifice. However, by reinterpreting the meaning of "such as in" in the classic, and explaining the truth and basis behind the sacrifice from the transcendental dimension of "reason" and the true dimension of "sincerity", Zhu Xi demonstrates the existence of "truth and no falsehood" in the sacrifice of ghosts and gods. In this way, it gives the Confucian natural legitimacy of offering sacrifices to heaven, rather than propagating the political and social value of "rite" from the angle of function and effect. Through such efforts, Zhu Xi established an internal relationship between "reason" and "propriety", thus laid a more solid foundation for the Confucian political and religious order.
【作者单位】：中山大学哲学系;
【基金】：国家社科基金重大项目(15ZDB005)
【分类号】：B244.7

【相似文献】