墨子的丧祭思想——基于《墨子》一书的考察

发布时间：2018-06-21 08:23

本文选题：墨子 + 丧礼　；参考：《山东师范大学学报(人文社会科学版)》2017年02期

【摘要】：基于《墨子》一书而对墨子丧祭思想进行考察,可见对于丧祭之事,墨子强调"节葬短丧",这种观点是他在对儒家"厚葬久丧"的丧祭之礼的批判过程中逐步形成的。由于认为厚葬久丧会妨碍君子治理政事和民众从事生产,从而造成国贫人寡、刑政必乱的严重后果,墨子便带有针对性地从"节用"的角度反对"厚葬",提倡"节葬";从"害事"的角度反对"久丧",提倡"短丧"。而这些主张又与墨子尊天的生死观、事鬼的鬼神观、爱人的治国观有渊源关系。厚葬久丧既然不是"天"、"鬼"、"人"所喜爱的,自当予以坚决抵制,且不管是"尊天",还是"事鬼",都只是为了实现"爱人"这一现实目标,故墨子眼中的"天鬼"都具有"爱人"的特征。所以,墨子认为做人的标准就是:"凡言凡动,利于天鬼百姓者为之;凡言凡动,害于天鬼百姓者舍之"!
[Abstract]:Based on the study of Mozi's funeral sacrifice thought in Mozi, it can be seen that Mozi emphasizes "saving funeral for short funeral", which is formed gradually in the process of criticizing the funeral rites of Confucian "heavy burial and long mourning". As a result of the belief that heavy burial for a long period of time would prevent a gentleman from governing political affairs and the people engaging in production, resulting in a shortage of poor people in the country, the criminal regime would inevitably lead to chaos. Mozi opposes "heavy burial" and advocates "saving funeral" from the angle of "saving use", and opposes "long mourning" and advocates "short funeral" from the angle of "harm". These ideas are related to Mozi's view of life and death, the view of ghosts and spirits and the view of love's governing the country. Since it is not "Heaven", "Ghost", "Man" what people like, they should be resolutely resisted, and whether it is "respecting Heaven" or "thing Ghost", all of them are for the realization of the realistic goal of "beloved". Therefore, Mozi's eyes of the "sky ghosts" have the characteristics of "lover". Therefore, Mozi believes that the standard of life is: "all words, all actions, is conducive to the ghost of heaven people for it; all words and all actions, harm to the ghost of the people of heaven give up"!
【作者单位】：南昌大学人文学院;
【基金】：周泉根主持、何丹参与的国家社科基金项目“儒典《缁衣》古本及其相关先秦儒家文献研究(13BZW091)”的阶段性成果
【分类号】：B224

【参考文献】