论朱舜水实学思想之反思及批判性特点
发布时间：2018-08-04 08:46
【摘要】：实学思潮产生于宋代，它重视实证、实用、实功、实践。其实质在于反对空谈心性和逃避现实，提倡经世致用，树求真务实之学风；抨击封建伦理道德，弘扬个性解放；反对重农抑商，重视生产和商业贸易。明末清初，实学思潮得以兴起，随之也涌现出一批实学思想家，朱舜水就是其中颇具特点的一位。 朱舜水实学思想的形成与明末清初的实学思潮和社会背景有着必然之联系，故，文章第二章就其思想产生的背景进行论述。就总体而言，朱舜水实学思想从明朝灭亡的反思中梳理而成。因而，该思想的反思性及批判性也就不言而喻。这个特点也从其实学的思想、政治及教育三个主要构成部分中显现出来。因此，本文第三章对其实学思想的主要内容从三个方面进行分析。哲学理论上，主张以实践为本，批理学，反迷信。具体表现为四个方面：本体论方面对“道”概念的改铸，认识论方面主学知与实行，人性论方面主张性成于习，同时倡导无神论。政治理论上，提出以实利为本，批时政，倡大同。即以“民本”思想为基础，以功利主义仁政为方法论，并对君主制进行深发，，以此来构成大同之天下。教育理论上，提倡以实学为本，批科举，树新风。他将其实学思想全面贯彻到教育思想当中，希望能培养出治国之栋梁。纵观朱舜水实学思想的内容，该思想的反思及批判性特点尤为突出。笔者在第四章对其反思及批判性特点进行了阐释。其表现形式主要有三：其一，以孔丘之学为准则；其二，以实功为核心要义；其三，以教育革新为途径。朱舜水实学思想就当时社会而言，具有较大的进步性和反思性。但从其反思的内容及特点来看，也有存在某些不足。 朱舜水实学思想的影响是广泛而深远的。他在日期间传播实学思想，促进了日本文化之转向，在日本学界获得了极大的认可，日本学者把他奉为日本的“孔子”。朱舜水对日本教育和中日友好事业作出了杰出的贡献。同时，他的实学思想在清末民初的进步青年当中引起了广泛的共鸣，促使大家去推翻满清的腐朽统治，建立一个人人平等的民主国家。这也是朱舜水对于我国近代社会发展所作出的贡献。
[Abstract]:The actual school of thought came into being in the Song Dynasty. It attaches importance to positive, practical, practical, and practical. Its essence lies in opposing empty talk and escapism, advocating the practice of seeking truth from the world, promoting the practice of seeking truth from the world, attacking the feudal ethics, carrying forward the emancipation of individuality, opposing the heavy agriculture and restraining commerce, paying attention to production and trade trade. A group of practical thinkers also emerged, and Zhu Shunshui was one of them.
The formation of Zhu Shunshui's practical thought has an inevitable connection with the practical and social background of the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties. Therefore, the second chapter of the article discusses the background of his thought. As a whole, Zhu Shun water's practical thought has been combed from the reflection of the extinction of the Ming Dynasty. Therefore, the reflection and criticism of this thought will be self-evident. The characteristics also come out from the three main components of the thought, politics and education that are actually learned. Therefore, the third chapter of this article analyzes the main contents of the theory of real learning from three aspects. In philosophical theory, it advocates practice based, Neo Confucianism and anti superstition. It is concretely represented in four aspects: the transformation of the concept of "Tao" by the ontological side. In the theory of human nature, the theory of epistemology is to learn and implement, and the theory of human nature advocates learning and advocating atheism. In the fourth chapter, the author explains the characteristics of his reflection and criticism. Three: first, it takes Confucianism as the criterion; secondly, it takes real work as the core essentials; thirdly, with the way of educational innovation, Zhu Shun water's practical thought has great progressiveness and introspection in terms of the society at that time. But from the content and characteristics of its reflection, there are some shortcomings.
The influence of Zhu Shunshui's practical thought was extensive and far-reaching. He spread the idea of real learning between the dates, promoted the Japanese cultural turn, and gained great recognition in the Japanese academic circles. The Japanese scholars took him as "Confucius" in Japan. Zhu Shun made outstanding contributions to Japan's education and the friendship between China and Japan. Among the progressive youth in the late Qing Dynasty and the early days of the Republic of China, a broad resonance was aroused, which prompted everyone to overthrow the decadent rule of the Manchu and establish a democratic state with equality, which was also Zhu Shunshui's contribution to the development of modern society in our country.
【学位授予单位】：湘潭大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：B248.99
本文编号：2163272
[Abstract]:The actual school of thought came into being in the Song Dynasty. It attaches importance to positive, practical, practical, and practical. Its essence lies in opposing empty talk and escapism, advocating the practice of seeking truth from the world, promoting the practice of seeking truth from the world, attacking the feudal ethics, carrying forward the emancipation of individuality, opposing the heavy agriculture and restraining commerce, paying attention to production and trade trade. A group of practical thinkers also emerged, and Zhu Shunshui was one of them.
The formation of Zhu Shunshui's practical thought has an inevitable connection with the practical and social background of the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties. Therefore, the second chapter of the article discusses the background of his thought. As a whole, Zhu Shun water's practical thought has been combed from the reflection of the extinction of the Ming Dynasty. Therefore, the reflection and criticism of this thought will be self-evident. The characteristics also come out from the three main components of the thought, politics and education that are actually learned. Therefore, the third chapter of this article analyzes the main contents of the theory of real learning from three aspects. In philosophical theory, it advocates practice based, Neo Confucianism and anti superstition. It is concretely represented in four aspects: the transformation of the concept of "Tao" by the ontological side. In the theory of human nature, the theory of epistemology is to learn and implement, and the theory of human nature advocates learning and advocating atheism. In the fourth chapter, the author explains the characteristics of his reflection and criticism. Three: first, it takes Confucianism as the criterion; secondly, it takes real work as the core essentials; thirdly, with the way of educational innovation, Zhu Shun water's practical thought has great progressiveness and introspection in terms of the society at that time. But from the content and characteristics of its reflection, there are some shortcomings.
The influence of Zhu Shunshui's practical thought was extensive and far-reaching. He spread the idea of real learning between the dates, promoted the Japanese cultural turn, and gained great recognition in the Japanese academic circles. The Japanese scholars took him as "Confucius" in Japan. Zhu Shun made outstanding contributions to Japan's education and the friendship between China and Japan. Among the progressive youth in the late Qing Dynasty and the early days of the Republic of China, a broad resonance was aroused, which prompted everyone to overthrow the decadent rule of the Manchu and establish a democratic state with equality, which was also Zhu Shunshui's contribution to the development of modern society in our country.
【学位授予单位】：湘潭大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：B248.99
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