李贽“私心”思想研究
发布时间：2018-08-07 15:50
【摘要】：李贽是明朝中后期一位有争议性的思想家。前人对李贽的研究,主要集中于在自我观、“真”、文学影响等方面,对“私心”思想没有过系统的论述。全文以李贽的著作为基础,结合李贽生平,综合运用逻辑推理、对比归纳等手段,详细论证了“私心”思想的内涵与合理性,对“谋利方可正义“的义利观、“有为方可成圣”的历史观和“学而为己”的为学观进行了深入阐述,探究了李贽“私心”思想的外延。为系统展现李贽“私心”思想的全貌,将李贽“私心”思想和“童心”思想进行对比,找到了李贽“私心”思想和“童心”思想的结合点,更加准确的把握“私心”与“真心”的辩证关系,进而明确“私心”思想李贽心性论中的位置,更好地把握李贽思想的主线。全文分为五个部分:第一部分为李贽“私心”思想形成背景,主要论述了三点,一是李贽生活的社会大背景,具体表现为商品经济活跃并出现资本主义萌芽和统治者与人民的矛盾日益尖锐;二是李贽坎坷的人生经历,早年生活困顿、中年作了些小官后出家,晚年凄凉并最终惨死狱中;三是心学影响,重点介绍了王阳明、泰山学派王艮、王襞、何心隐对李贽“私心”思想形成的影响。第二部分从“私心”思想内涵,主要论述了三点,一是李贽“私心”思想是如何提出的,适用范围是哪些人;二是论证了“私心”思想的合理性,即为什么要倡导私心思想;三是指出并论证了“私心”思想的最终归宿是“各遂千万人之欲”。第三部分为“私心”思想的发用,主要介绍了李贽对“谋利方可正义“的义利观、“有为方可成圣”的历史观和“学而为己”的为学观,强调了李贽对功利、有为和“自适”的看重,对“私心”思想的外延进行了深入研究,构建起李贽“私心”思想的“体用”结构。第四部分为李贽的“私心”思想与“童心”思想的关系,主要论证了三点,一是《童心说》中“童心”与“真心”的关系,二是“真心”与“私心”的来源与印证,三是“私心”与“真心”的统一,通过将“私心”、“童心”、“真心”、“自然之心”概念及他们之间的关系进行分析,从心性论的角度更好的认识李贽“私心”思想。第五部分为如何正确认识李贽“私心”思想,主要阐述了两点,一是李贽的“私心”思想的影响及其局限性,二是当下应如何正确看待“私心”问题,从道德和法律的角度研究“私心”问题,进一步阐述研究“私心”问题对当代社会的治理体系的建立价值的意义。
[Abstract]:Li Zhi was a controversial thinker in the middle and late Ming Dynasty. Previous researches on Li Zhi mainly focused on self-view, "truth", literary influence and so on, and did not systematically discuss the thought of "selfishness". On the basis of Li Zhi's works, combined with Li Zhi's life, and by means of logic reasoning, comparison and induction, this paper demonstrates in detail the connotation and rationality of the thought of "self-interest" and the view of righteousness and profit that "seeking profit can be just". The conception of history and the view of learning for oneself are expounded in depth, and the extension of Li Zhi's thought of "self-interest" is explored. In order to systematically show the whole picture of Li Zhi's thought of "selfish heart", this paper compares Li Zhi's thought of "private heart" with that of "childlike heart", and finds out the combination point of Li Zhi's thought of "private heart" and "childlike heart". More accurately grasp the dialectical relationship between "private heart" and "sincerity", and then make clear the position of Li Zhi's thought of "private heart", and better grasp the main line of Li Zhi's thought. The paper is divided into five parts: the first part is the background of Li Zhi's thought of "self-interest", which mainly discusses three points, one is the social background of Li Zhi's life. It is manifested in the active commodity economy and the emergence of the germination of capitalism and the increasingly sharp contradiction between the rulers and the people; second, Li Zhi's bumpy life experience, the difficulties in his early life, his middle age as a minor official, his death in prison in his later years, his desolation in his later years, and his final death in prison; Thirdly, it introduces the influence of Wang Yangming, Wang Gen, Wang fold and he Xinyin on the formation of Li Zhi's thought of "self-interest". The second part mainly discusses three points from the connotation of "selfishness" thought, one is how Li Zhi's thought of "selfishness" is put forward and who is the applicable scope, the other is to demonstrate the rationality of the thought of "selfishness", that is, why to advocate the thought of selfishness; Third, it points out and proves that the ultimate destination of the thought of "self-interest" is the desire of thousands of people. The third part mainly introduces Li Zhi's view of justice, history and learning, and emphasizes Li Zhi's view of utilitarianism. This paper makes a deep study on the extension of the thought of "selfishness" and constructs the structure of Li Zhi's thought of "selfishness". The fourth part is the relationship between Li Zhi's thought of "selfish heart" and "childlike heart", which mainly demonstrates three points. One is the relationship between "childlike heart" and "sincerity" in the theory of childlike innocence, the other is the source and confirmation of "sincerity" and "private heart". Thirdly, by analyzing the concepts of "private heart", "childlike heart", "sincerity", "natural heart" and the relationship between them, we can better understand Li Zhi's thought of "private heart" from the angle of psychosexual theory. The fifth part is how to correctly understand Li Zhi's thought of "selfishness", which mainly expounds two points, one is the influence and limitation of Li Zhi's thought of "private heart", the other is how to treat the problem of "private heart" correctly at present. From the point of view of morality and law, this paper studies the problem of "private mind", and further expounds the significance of studying the problem of "private heart" to the value of establishing the governance system of contemporary society.
【学位授予单位】：曲阜师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B248.91
本文编号：2170529
[Abstract]:Li Zhi was a controversial thinker in the middle and late Ming Dynasty. Previous researches on Li Zhi mainly focused on self-view, "truth", literary influence and so on, and did not systematically discuss the thought of "selfishness". On the basis of Li Zhi's works, combined with Li Zhi's life, and by means of logic reasoning, comparison and induction, this paper demonstrates in detail the connotation and rationality of the thought of "self-interest" and the view of righteousness and profit that "seeking profit can be just". The conception of history and the view of learning for oneself are expounded in depth, and the extension of Li Zhi's thought of "self-interest" is explored. In order to systematically show the whole picture of Li Zhi's thought of "selfish heart", this paper compares Li Zhi's thought of "private heart" with that of "childlike heart", and finds out the combination point of Li Zhi's thought of "private heart" and "childlike heart". More accurately grasp the dialectical relationship between "private heart" and "sincerity", and then make clear the position of Li Zhi's thought of "private heart", and better grasp the main line of Li Zhi's thought. The paper is divided into five parts: the first part is the background of Li Zhi's thought of "self-interest", which mainly discusses three points, one is the social background of Li Zhi's life. It is manifested in the active commodity economy and the emergence of the germination of capitalism and the increasingly sharp contradiction between the rulers and the people; second, Li Zhi's bumpy life experience, the difficulties in his early life, his middle age as a minor official, his death in prison in his later years, his desolation in his later years, and his final death in prison; Thirdly, it introduces the influence of Wang Yangming, Wang Gen, Wang fold and he Xinyin on the formation of Li Zhi's thought of "self-interest". The second part mainly discusses three points from the connotation of "selfishness" thought, one is how Li Zhi's thought of "selfishness" is put forward and who is the applicable scope, the other is to demonstrate the rationality of the thought of "selfishness", that is, why to advocate the thought of selfishness; Third, it points out and proves that the ultimate destination of the thought of "self-interest" is the desire of thousands of people. The third part mainly introduces Li Zhi's view of justice, history and learning, and emphasizes Li Zhi's view of utilitarianism. This paper makes a deep study on the extension of the thought of "selfishness" and constructs the structure of Li Zhi's thought of "selfishness". The fourth part is the relationship between Li Zhi's thought of "selfish heart" and "childlike heart", which mainly demonstrates three points. One is the relationship between "childlike heart" and "sincerity" in the theory of childlike innocence, the other is the source and confirmation of "sincerity" and "private heart". Thirdly, by analyzing the concepts of "private heart", "childlike heart", "sincerity", "natural heart" and the relationship between them, we can better understand Li Zhi's thought of "private heart" from the angle of psychosexual theory. The fifth part is how to correctly understand Li Zhi's thought of "selfishness", which mainly expounds two points, one is the influence and limitation of Li Zhi's thought of "private heart", the other is how to treat the problem of "private heart" correctly at present. From the point of view of morality and law, this paper studies the problem of "private mind", and further expounds the significance of studying the problem of "private heart" to the value of establishing the governance system of contemporary society.
【学位授予单位】：曲阜师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B248.91
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