德性与德育视阈的儒学与马克思主义会通研究

发布时间：2018-10-12 14:06

【摘要】：道德观教育是思想政治教育的重要内容,而德育和德性问题则是道德观教育的应有之义,是思想政治教育工作的核心内容和关键问题。德育的基础在人的德性,德育工作应以人的德性为基础。从德性与德育视域来看,“马学”(马克思主义)与儒学(儒家思想和儒家文化),不但存在着相通之处,而且也需要思想政治教育工作立足于人的德性,从理论的、实践的方面来探讨、研究和揭示二者的相通之处,以丰富思想政治教育的理论资源,推进德行培养和德育工作的开展。文章分为四部分:第一部分,德性和德育的界定与两者关系的厘清。对马克思主义德育思想及儒家德育思想进行梳理,揭示两者与道德观、价值观之间的关系。从实践层面看,德性与德育作为直面社会现实的一种道德要求,两者统一于对价值的根本看法和存在的价值观中。马克思主义德育思想表现在人学思想层面,马克思的人学思想对人的本质的存在论分析体现出德育的人学本质。先秦儒家教育者不仅提出了系统的、丰富的关于道德教育的思想,而且还从理论层面上探讨了德育的人性论依据,论证了德育的可行性及其必要性。第二部分,探究德性与德育视域下儒学与马克思主义会通的价值。首先,马克思主义的德性思想体现在马克思的生活世界理论中,即生活德性理论。其次,儒家思想中关于“仁”、“义”、“礼”、“中庸”的德性观念和德性思想,对于中国化马克思主义理论发展具有重大借鉴意义。从理论上,儒家德性观中关于德性人格的丰富而深刻内涵,既总结了以往形成的优秀人格思想,也在自我独特理论建构的基础上对德性人格方面的探讨产生了重大影响。第三部分,探析马克思主义德性、德育思想与儒家德性、德育思想会通的契机及其意义。首先,从会通的契机看,当代中国语境下“马”“儒”关系问题不可回避。其次,两者会通之于思想政治教育的现实意义在于:一方面可以更好地巩固马克思主义的指导地位,把握思想政治教育的正确导向;另一方面能够以科学的态度辩证对待儒学,丰富教育资源。第四部分,基于德行培养和道德教育过程中存在的问题,以儒学与马克思主义的相生性作为结合的依据,探寻儒学与马克思主义会通所需要的多种形式的方法借鉴。通过对道德主体的思想意识引导、学校德育过程的调节规范以及社会道德价值影响因素的和谐统一机制建构,以期望推动儒学与马克思主义会通的有效开展与深入结合。文章的创新之处在于将马克思主义和儒家思想关于德育、德性的内容进行综合研究,融会贯通,在阐述德育与德性相关性,儒学与马克思主义相容性、相生性的基础上,总结儒学与马克思主义会通的价值、内容以及方法。这对于丰富、发展思想政治教育资源和构建中国特色、中国气派、中国风格的特色哲学具有非常重要的理论与现实意义。
[Abstract]:Moral education is an important content of ideological and political education, and moral education is the proper meaning of moral education, the core content and key issues of ideological and political education. The foundation of moral education lies in human virtue, and moral education should be based on human virtue. From the point of view of virtue and moral education, "Ma Xue" (Marxism) and Confucianism (Confucian thought and Confucian culture) not only have something in common, but also need ideological and political education work based on human virtue. In order to enrich the theoretical resources of ideological and political education and promote the cultivation of morality and the development of moral education, this paper probes into, studies and reveals the similarities between the two aspects of practice in order to enrich the theoretical resources of ideological and political education. The article is divided into four parts: the first part, the definition of virtue and moral education and the clarification of the relationship between the two. This paper combs Marxist moral education and Confucian moral education, and reveals the relationship between them and morality and values. From a practical point of view, morality and moral education as a moral requirement to face the social reality, they are unified in the fundamental view of value and the values of existence. Marxist thought of moral education is embodied in the level of humanism, and Marx's theory of human existence reflects the essence of moral education. Pre-Qin Confucian educators not only put forward systematic and rich thoughts on moral education, but also discussed the theoretical basis of moral education, and demonstrated the feasibility and necessity of moral education. The second part explores the value of Confucianism and Marxism from the perspective of virtue and moral education. First of all, the moral thought of Marxism is embodied in Marx's theory of life world, that is, the theory of life virtue. Secondly, the moral concept and moral thought of "benevolence", "righteousness", "propriety" and "moderation" in Confucianism have great significance for the development of Marxist theory in China. Theoretically, the rich and profound connotation of virtue personality in the Confucian view of virtue not only sums up the thought of excellent personality formed in the past, but also exerts a great influence on the exploration of moral personality on the basis of the construction of self-unique theory. The third part analyzes the opportunity and significance of Marxist virtue, moral education and Confucian morality. First of all, from the point of view of communication, the relationship between "horse" and "Confucianism" in contemporary Chinese context cannot be avoided. Secondly, the practical significance of the two approaches to ideological and political education lies in: on the one hand, it can better consolidate the guiding position of Marxism and grasp the correct orientation of ideological and political education; on the other hand, it can treat Confucianism dialectically with a scientific attitude. Enrich educational resources. The fourth part, based on the problems existing in the process of moral training and moral education, taking Confucianism and Marxism as the basis of combining the nature of Confucianism and Marxism, to explore the Confucian and Marxist understanding of the need for a variety of methods for reference. Through the ideological and ideological guidance of the moral subject, the regulation of the process of moral education in school and the harmonious and unified mechanism of the influencing factors of social moral value, the author hopes to promote the effective development and deep integration of Confucianism and Marxism. The innovation of the article lies in the comprehensive study of the contents of moral education and virtue in Marxism and Confucianism, and on the basis of expounding the correlation between moral education and virtue, the compatibility of Confucianism and Marxism, and the interexistence of morality. Summarize the value, content and method of Confucianism and Marxism. It is of great theoretical and practical significance to enrich and develop the resources of ideological and political education and to construct the Chinese characteristic philosophy with Chinese style and style.
【学位授予单位】：曲阜师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B222;B0-0

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