亚里士多德正义观研究

发布时间：2018-10-24 13:08

【摘要】：正义是亚里士多德实践哲学的重要议题。亚里士多德从德性品质与德行原则的双重维度出发,分别在《尼各马可伦理学》和《政治学》中对其作了全面而深入的探讨。本文尝试在深入分析两部著作文本的基础之上,从亚氏正义观念的形而上学基础、具体内容与内在逻辑推演、理论内核及其政治哲学意涵等四个方面,对此作出详尽的阐释论述。亚里士多德正义观念的形而上学基础,由自然目的性与自然社会性的共同法则所奠定,以此为出发点,正义直接指向了属人的至善——幸福。亚氏正义观念的逻辑推演则从具体的道德德性出发,行至与守法紧密相连的整体德性、一切德性的总汇,最后又过渡到一个藉由城邦秩序与个人原则践行出来的规范标准。并在这一德性与德行规则的双重维度下凸显出作为正义观念核心的“中道”,彰显出亚氏正义观内在的理性精神。其正义观念的核心,决定了正义必然指向一切事物的最终目的——“神”。与此同时,一旦城邦生活的自然基础必须受到神意的支配,则在自然正义与习俗正义之间必然会产生巨大的分歧。正是这一弥合于亚里士多德笔下的分歧,对近代政治理论产生了巨大的影响,同时,也是出于此点让亚氏的正义理论在当代迎来了新一轮回归。
[Abstract]:Justice is an important topic in Aristotle's practical philosophy. Aristotle, starting from the dual dimensions of moral character and moral principle, makes a comprehensive and in-depth study of it in Nigomac Ethics and political Science, respectively. On the basis of in-depth analysis of the two works, this paper attempts to analyze the metaphysical basis, the specific content and internal logic, the theoretical kernel and the implication of political philosophy of the concept of justice. To make a detailed explanation of this. The metaphysical basis of Aristotle's concept of justice is laid down by the common law of natural purpose and natural sociality. The logical deduction of his concept of justice starts from the concrete moral virtue to the whole virtue which is closely connected with the law, the sum of all the virtues, and finally to a standard that is practiced through the city-state order and individual principle. In this dual dimension of virtue and moral rules, the "middle way", which is the core of the concept of justice, is highlighted, and the inner rational spirit of the view of justice is revealed. The core of its concept of justice determines that justice must point to the ultimate goal of all things-"God". At the same time, once the natural basis of city-state life must be dominated by God, there will inevitably be a great difference between natural justice and custom justice. It was this difference which closed in Aristotle's works, which had a great influence on the modern political theory. At the same time, the justice theory of Aristotle ushered in a new round of return in the contemporary era.
【学位授予单位】：四川外国语大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B502.233

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