当代思想政治教育的人学基础研究
发布时间：2018-11-01 15:42
【摘要】：人的问题是一切问题的根源。人学是以整体的人为根本对象的学问。马克思对人进行了深入研究,形成了博大而精深的人学思想,构成其理论体系的一个重要部分。马克思的人学思想是以现实个体的人为核心概念,以人的自由解放为终极命题。在马克思看来,现实个体是个体需要、个体能力、个体意识的有机统一。马克思是以整体的方法来把握人的本质。人的本质是类本质和现实本质的统一,是“一切社会关系的总和”和“自由自觉的活动”的统一,即社会关系和全面发展的统一。首先,人的本质是一切社会关系的总和。马克思在《关于费尔巴哈的提纲》指出了,人的本质不是单个人所固有的抽象物,在其现实性上,它是一切社会关系的总和。其次,人的本质是自由自觉的活动。马克思《在1844年经济学哲学手稿》中指出一个种的全部特性、种的类特性就在于生命活动的性质,而人的类特性恰恰就是自由的、有意识的实践活动。基于马克思人学思想的梳理,构建当代思想政治教育的人学基础,是思想政治教育回归本质的必然要求,有利于拓展当代思想政治教育研究的深刻性与丰富性,也有利于提升当代思想政治教育工作的实效性与针对性。从总体上看,当代思想政治教育人学基础可以分为如下四个方面内容：第一,当代思想政治教育的基本对象是社会性个体。这可以从两方面来理解：一方面,从实体范畴来看,人是个体存在。个体的人是介于本体与载体之间身体,又是介于主体与客体之间的自体存在。另一面,从关系范畴来看,人是社会存在。社会是人在交往活动中达成的人与人之间的各种关系,可分为自我关系与人我关系。人的社会性是人格与人性的辩证统一。人格是人的特殊性即个性,强调了人与人之间的差异性,人性是人的一般性即共性,凸显了是人与人之间的统一性。因此,人的社会化本质上是一个人格塑造和人性修养的过程。第二,当代思想政治教育的具体对象是现实性个体。人的现实性表现为人的暂时性,即人的未完成性。现实的人有待于从“片面”的人发展成为“全面”的人。这可以从两方面来理解：一方面,现实个体的人在人格上有待于从缺陷人格塑造成为完美人格；另一方面,现实个体的人在人性上有待于从奴役人性修养成为自由人性。人的现实性表现为人的相对性,现实的人是完美人格与缺陷人格之间的相对存在。完美人格的特征是自信、自洽,而缺陷人格的特征是自卑、自负。现实的人是本真人性与异化人性之间的相对存在。本真人性是人的自由状态,人既是相对主体,又是相对客体,而异化人性是人的奴役状态,人要么神化为绝对主体,要么物化为绝对客体。第三,当代思想政治教育的终极目标是人的全面发展。人的全面发展既是一种和谐发展,又是一种自由发展。人的全面发展的具体过程可以分为认知过程与实践过程,也可以分为历史过程与人生过程。人的全面发展是自觉自律的过程,其遵循的规律分为顺序性规律和级别性规律。顺序性规律刻画的是发展过程中各阶段之间先后关系,具体可以分为逻辑与制度。其中,逻辑是人在认知活动中遵循的规律,而制度是人在实践活动中遵循的规律。级别性规律刻画的是发展过程中各层面之间的主从关系,具体可分为法则与方法。其中,法则主要是指自然法则与社会法则,具有先天性、客观性与主导性,而方法是人效仿自然法则与社会法则而形成的具体办法,具有后天性、主观性与从属性。第四,当代思想政治教育的实现路径是人格塑造与人性修养。人格塑造与人性修养之间是一体两面、相辅相成的关系。人格塑造是通过身份担任与角色扮演来实现。人格塑造本质上是人的社会化过程。现实身份规定着人的需求、能力、意识的内容,通过在现实世界中承担各种身份,人进行人格的自我塑造。虚拟世界中的角色扮演,如各种游戏活动、文艺活动和仪式活动,对人格塑造有着深刻的作用。网络交往中的网络交易、网络舆情、网络课堂、网络游戏都对人格塑造产生着重大的影响。人性修养不是一个空洞、抽象的过程,而是依存于具体认知过程与实践过程,蕴含于具体的历史过程与人生过程。人性一方面是需要通过认知中的逻辑来启迪智慧,另一方面通过实践中的制度来激发勇气。当代思想政治教育的跨学科研究要求以生理、心理、伦理、法理等多维度的立体视野,聚焦人的生存与发展,展开深入观察与全面探索。创新人才培养实践要求传统思想政治教育在认知与实践上的转变。基于思想政治教育的人学内容,结合高等教育的时代背景与发展趋势,尝试性提出了个体性思想政治教育的概念。作为一种理论与实践的创新探索,个体性思想政治教育以当代大学生思想政治教育面临的新问题为导向,以现实个体的人作为逻辑起点,全面发展的人为逻辑终点,从理论性的权威独白转为生活性的平等对话,从规模化的“批量生产’转为情境性的“量身订制”。个体性思想政治教育以现实个体的全面发展为核心原则,将之贯穿在衡量与评价,融合与分解,化解与修正,激励与约束,拓展与提升等具体工作机制中。
[Abstract]:Human question is the root cause of all problems. The study of human is a whole man-made fundamental object. Marx made an in-depth study of human beings and formed a great and profound human thought, which constitutes an important part of its theoretical system. Marx's thought of human science is the man-made core concept of the real individual, and the man's free liberation is the ultimate proposition. In Marx's view, the realistic individual is the unity of individual needs, individual ability and individual consciousness. Marx is the whole method to grasp the human nature. The essence of human beings is the unity of the nature of nature and the essence of reality. "The sum of all social relations" and" Free Self-conscious Activities" Unity of social relations and overall development. First, human nature is the sum of all social relationships. Marx pointed out that the essence of man is not the abstract of a single person, and in reality it is the sum of all social relations. Secondly, the essence of human beings is free and self-conscious activities. Marx, in 1844, pointed out the whole character of a species, and the character of the species lies in the nature of the activity of life, and the characteristic of human being is the free and conscious practice. On the basis of the combing of Marx's theory of human science, it is necessary to construct contemporary ideological and political education, which is the inevitable requirement of the return essence of ideological and political education, which is conducive to expanding the depth and richness of the research of contemporary ideological and political education. It also helps to improve the effectiveness and pertinence of contemporary ideological and political education. Generally speaking, the basic subject of contemporary ideological and political education can be divided into four aspects: First, the basic subject of contemporary ideological and political education is social individual. This can be understood from two aspects: on the one hand, a person is an individual in the context of an entity. The individual's body is between the body and the carrier, and between the body and the object. On the other hand, from the point of view of the relationship, man is the social existence. Society is a kind of relationship between people and people in communication activities. It can be divided into self-relationship and personal relationship. Human's sociality is the dialectical unity of personality and human nature. Personality is the particularity of human being, emphasizing the difference between man and man, human nature is the generality of man, highlighting the unity between man and man. Therefore, the socialization of human beings is a process of personality molding and human accomplishment. Secondly, the concrete object of contemporary ideological and political education is the reality individual. The reality of man is the temporary nature of man, that is, the unfinished sex of man. The real man is waiting for it. "one-sided" The development of the human being "Comprehensive" That's the man. This can be understood from two aspects: on the one hand, the individual's personality needs to be shaped from the defect personality to the perfect personality; on the other hand, the human nature of the real individual needs to be the free person in the human nature. Human reality shows the relativity of human beings, and the real person is the relative existence between the perfect personality and the defective personality. The character of the perfect personality is self-confidence, self-consistent, and the character of the defective personality is self-abased and vain. The real person is the relative existence between the human nature and the alienation human nature. The human nature is human's free state, the person is both the relative main body and the relative object, while the alienation human nature is human's enslavement state, the person is the absolute subject, or materialized as the absolute object. Third, the ultimate goal of contemporary ideological and political education is the overall development of human beings. The overall development of human beings is both a harmonious development and a free development. The specific process of human's overall development can be divided into cognitive process and practical process, and it can be divided into historical process and life process. The overall development of human beings is the process of self-discipline, which follows the law of order and regularity. Sequence law depicts the relationship between stages in the course of development, and it can be divided into logic and system. Logic is the law that people follow in cognitive activities, and the system is the law that people follow in practical activities. The level law depicts the main subordinate relationship among all levels in the course of development, and it can be classified into law and method. Among them, the law mainly refers to the natural law and the social law, which has the congenital, objectivity and dominant character, and the method is the concrete measures formed by the man imitating the natural law and the social law, and has the following nature, the subjectivity and the subordinate attribute. Fourth, the realization path of contemporary ideological and political education is personality molding and human nature cultivation. Personality molding and human self-cultivation are two mutually reinforcing and mutually reinforcing relationships. Personality molding is realized through identity and role play. The essence of personality is the process of man's socialization. The real identity provides the content of man's needs, abilities and consciousness, and realizes the self-shaping of personality by assuming various identities in the real world. Role play in the virtual world, such as various game activities, literary and artistic activities and ritual activities, has a profound effect on personality molding. Network trade, network management, network classroom and online games in network communication have a great influence on personality molding. Human accomplishment is not a hollow, abstract process, but depends on the concrete cognitive process and the process of practice, which is contained in the concrete historical process and the process of life. Human nature, on the one hand, is to inspire wisdom through logic in cognition, on the other hand, to inspire courage through the system of practice. The interdisciplinary research of contemporary ideological and political education demands a multi-dimensional stereoscopic vision, such as physiology, psychology, ethics, jurisprudence and so on, focusing on the survival and development of human beings, and conducting in-depth observation and comprehensive exploration. The practice of creative talents cultivation requires the change of traditional ideological and political education in cognition and practice. Based on the humanism content of ideological and political education, combined with the background and development trend of higher education, the concept of individual ideological and political education is put forward. As an innovative exploration of theory and practice, individual ideological and political education is a new problem facing the ideological and political education of contemporary college students. From the authority of the government to the equal dialogue of life, from scale to scale "Mass production" transversive "Tailored". The individual ideological and political education takes the overall development of the realistic individual as the core principle, which runs through the concrete working mechanism, such as measurement and evaluation, integration and decomposition, resolution and correction, encouragement and restraint, expansion and promotion.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：B038
，
本文编号：2304370
[Abstract]:Human question is the root cause of all problems. The study of human is a whole man-made fundamental object. Marx made an in-depth study of human beings and formed a great and profound human thought, which constitutes an important part of its theoretical system. Marx's thought of human science is the man-made core concept of the real individual, and the man's free liberation is the ultimate proposition. In Marx's view, the realistic individual is the unity of individual needs, individual ability and individual consciousness. Marx is the whole method to grasp the human nature. The essence of human beings is the unity of the nature of nature and the essence of reality. "The sum of all social relations" and" Free Self-conscious Activities" Unity of social relations and overall development. First, human nature is the sum of all social relationships. Marx pointed out that the essence of man is not the abstract of a single person, and in reality it is the sum of all social relations. Secondly, the essence of human beings is free and self-conscious activities. Marx, in 1844, pointed out the whole character of a species, and the character of the species lies in the nature of the activity of life, and the characteristic of human being is the free and conscious practice. On the basis of the combing of Marx's theory of human science, it is necessary to construct contemporary ideological and political education, which is the inevitable requirement of the return essence of ideological and political education, which is conducive to expanding the depth and richness of the research of contemporary ideological and political education. It also helps to improve the effectiveness and pertinence of contemporary ideological and political education. Generally speaking, the basic subject of contemporary ideological and political education can be divided into four aspects: First, the basic subject of contemporary ideological and political education is social individual. This can be understood from two aspects: on the one hand, a person is an individual in the context of an entity. The individual's body is between the body and the carrier, and between the body and the object. On the other hand, from the point of view of the relationship, man is the social existence. Society is a kind of relationship between people and people in communication activities. It can be divided into self-relationship and personal relationship. Human's sociality is the dialectical unity of personality and human nature. Personality is the particularity of human being, emphasizing the difference between man and man, human nature is the generality of man, highlighting the unity between man and man. Therefore, the socialization of human beings is a process of personality molding and human accomplishment. Secondly, the concrete object of contemporary ideological and political education is the reality individual. The reality of man is the temporary nature of man, that is, the unfinished sex of man. The real man is waiting for it. "one-sided" The development of the human being "Comprehensive" That's the man. This can be understood from two aspects: on the one hand, the individual's personality needs to be shaped from the defect personality to the perfect personality; on the other hand, the human nature of the real individual needs to be the free person in the human nature. Human reality shows the relativity of human beings, and the real person is the relative existence between the perfect personality and the defective personality. The character of the perfect personality is self-confidence, self-consistent, and the character of the defective personality is self-abased and vain. The real person is the relative existence between the human nature and the alienation human nature. The human nature is human's free state, the person is both the relative main body and the relative object, while the alienation human nature is human's enslavement state, the person is the absolute subject, or materialized as the absolute object. Third, the ultimate goal of contemporary ideological and political education is the overall development of human beings. The overall development of human beings is both a harmonious development and a free development. The specific process of human's overall development can be divided into cognitive process and practical process, and it can be divided into historical process and life process. The overall development of human beings is the process of self-discipline, which follows the law of order and regularity. Sequence law depicts the relationship between stages in the course of development, and it can be divided into logic and system. Logic is the law that people follow in cognitive activities, and the system is the law that people follow in practical activities. The level law depicts the main subordinate relationship among all levels in the course of development, and it can be classified into law and method. Among them, the law mainly refers to the natural law and the social law, which has the congenital, objectivity and dominant character, and the method is the concrete measures formed by the man imitating the natural law and the social law, and has the following nature, the subjectivity and the subordinate attribute. Fourth, the realization path of contemporary ideological and political education is personality molding and human nature cultivation. Personality molding and human self-cultivation are two mutually reinforcing and mutually reinforcing relationships. Personality molding is realized through identity and role play. The essence of personality is the process of man's socialization. The real identity provides the content of man's needs, abilities and consciousness, and realizes the self-shaping of personality by assuming various identities in the real world. Role play in the virtual world, such as various game activities, literary and artistic activities and ritual activities, has a profound effect on personality molding. Network trade, network management, network classroom and online games in network communication have a great influence on personality molding. Human accomplishment is not a hollow, abstract process, but depends on the concrete cognitive process and the process of practice, which is contained in the concrete historical process and the process of life. Human nature, on the one hand, is to inspire wisdom through logic in cognition, on the other hand, to inspire courage through the system of practice. The interdisciplinary research of contemporary ideological and political education demands a multi-dimensional stereoscopic vision, such as physiology, psychology, ethics, jurisprudence and so on, focusing on the survival and development of human beings, and conducting in-depth observation and comprehensive exploration. The practice of creative talents cultivation requires the change of traditional ideological and political education in cognition and practice. Based on the humanism content of ideological and political education, combined with the background and development trend of higher education, the concept of individual ideological and political education is put forward. As an innovative exploration of theory and practice, individual ideological and political education is a new problem facing the ideological and political education of contemporary college students. From the authority of the government to the equal dialogue of life, from scale to scale "Mass production" transversive "Tailored". The individual ideological and political education takes the overall development of the realistic individual as the core principle, which runs through the concrete working mechanism, such as measurement and evaluation, integration and decomposition, resolution and correction, encouragement and restraint, expansion and promotion.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：B038
，
本文编号：2304370
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