叔本华幸福观的马克思主义评析
发布时间：2018-11-01 20:07
【摘要】：幸福是当代社会人们普遍关注的热点问题,在哲学思想领域也越来越受到重视。近年来叔本华的幸福观也逐渐受到学者的关注与研究。本文以叔本华幸福观的理论起点——意志论为基础,阐述了叔本华幸福观的主要内容,并以马克思主义的方法论、马克思主义需要理论对叔本华幸福观进行了评析。叔本华幸福观理论起点——意志主要来源于柏拉图的理念论、印度教与佛教的思想、康德的“自在之物”,他将表象世界的幸福定义为意志的满足,并认为幸福是消极的、否定的、有限的,但是人也可以从自身、人所拥有的财产以及人所展示的表象三个要素来获取世俗社会的幸福,同时人可以通过克制自己的欲望,追求艺术来通向最终的幸福和解脱之路。文章在全面把握叔本华幸福观的基础上,对其进行了分析评价,肯定了人自身对幸福的影响及其帮助人们减少对外在物欲追求的积极意义,同时也指出了叔本华幸福观带有浓厚的悲观主义色彩及宿命论的倾向,并且指出了叔本华过分强调人的非理性因素,而忽视了人的社会性本质。在当下物欲横流、金钱至上的社会环境下,叔本华的幸福观对减弱人们的物欲追求,启发人们获得自己的幸福,具有一定的启示意义。
[Abstract]:Happiness is a hot issue that people pay more and more attention to, and more attention is paid to it in the field of philosophy. In recent years Schopenhauer's concept of happiness has gradually attracted the attention and research of scholars. Based on the theory starting point of Schopenhauer's concept of happiness, will theory, this paper expounds the main contents of Schopenhauer's concept of happiness, and makes an analysis of Schopenhauer's view of happiness based on Marxist methodology and Marxist need theory. Schopenhauer's theory of happiness comes from Plato's theory of ideas, Hinduism and Buddhism, and Kant's "thing of freedom". He defines the happiness of the world as the satisfaction of will and thinks that happiness is negative. Negative, limited, but one can also obtain the happiness of a secular society from three elements: oneself, the property one owns and the appearance one displays, and one can restrain one's own desires, The pursuit of art leads to the ultimate path of happiness and liberation. Based on the comprehensive understanding of Schopenhauer's concept of happiness, this paper analyzes and evaluates it, and affirms the influence of man on happiness and the positive significance of helping people to reduce their pursuit of external material desire. At the same time, it points out that Schopenhauer's concept of happiness has a strong tendency of pessimism and fatalism, and points out that Schopenhauer overemphasizes the irrational factors of human beings, but neglects the social essence of human beings. In the current social environment of material desire and money supremacy Schopenhauer's concept of happiness has certain enlightenment significance to weaken people's pursuit of material and enlighten people to obtain their own happiness.
【学位授予单位】：西华大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B516.41
本文编号：2304960
[Abstract]:Happiness is a hot issue that people pay more and more attention to, and more attention is paid to it in the field of philosophy. In recent years Schopenhauer's concept of happiness has gradually attracted the attention and research of scholars. Based on the theory starting point of Schopenhauer's concept of happiness, will theory, this paper expounds the main contents of Schopenhauer's concept of happiness, and makes an analysis of Schopenhauer's view of happiness based on Marxist methodology and Marxist need theory. Schopenhauer's theory of happiness comes from Plato's theory of ideas, Hinduism and Buddhism, and Kant's "thing of freedom". He defines the happiness of the world as the satisfaction of will and thinks that happiness is negative. Negative, limited, but one can also obtain the happiness of a secular society from three elements: oneself, the property one owns and the appearance one displays, and one can restrain one's own desires, The pursuit of art leads to the ultimate path of happiness and liberation. Based on the comprehensive understanding of Schopenhauer's concept of happiness, this paper analyzes and evaluates it, and affirms the influence of man on happiness and the positive significance of helping people to reduce their pursuit of external material desire. At the same time, it points out that Schopenhauer's concept of happiness has a strong tendency of pessimism and fatalism, and points out that Schopenhauer overemphasizes the irrational factors of human beings, but neglects the social essence of human beings. In the current social environment of material desire and money supremacy Schopenhauer's concept of happiness has certain enlightenment significance to weaken people's pursuit of material and enlighten people to obtain their own happiness.
【学位授予单位】：西华大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B516.41
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