张载对宗法制度的构思及其“民胞物与”的大同理想
发布时间：2018-11-02 16:24
【摘要】：宗法制是古代中国社会的一项关键制度。宗法制度及其观念深刻地影响到古代中国的政治形态和社会组织形式。北宋理学家张载的政治理想就是复归三代之治,建立起以宗法制度为内核的等级秩序,以作为专制中央集权的社会基础。他从社会稳定和强化政治秩序的角度强调重建宗法制度的重要意义。他构想的宗法制度,是与他设想的井田、封建制度相配套的社会治理模式。张载试图将社会政治秩序与伦理道德规范内置于宗法网络之中,以宗法思想为基点生发出伦理政治的学说,让新儒家找到"性与天道"和现实政治的结合点,为宗法伦理寻求到本体论的依据,反过来,宇宙论也可以用以指导基于宗法伦理的人性论和道德论。要让全社会都纳入等级有序的宗法组织之中,政治组织与血缘组织相结合,家国同构,君父合一,社会便是如同一个以宗子为核心组成的大家族,这就是《西铭》的政治设想,也最能反映《礼记》的文化精神。
[Abstract]:Patriarchal system is a key system in ancient Chinese society. Patriarchal clan system and its concept deeply influenced the political form and social organization form of ancient China. The political ideal of Zhang Zai, a Neo-Confucianism in the Northern Song Dynasty, was to return to the rule of three generations, to establish a hierarchical order with patriarchal system as the core, and to serve as the social foundation of autocracy and centralization. He emphasized the importance of rebuilding patriarchal system from the angle of social stability and strengthening political order. The patriarchal clan system he conceived was a social governance model which matched with the minefield and feudal system he envisioned. Zhang Zai tried to put the social political order and ethical and moral norms into the patriarchal clan network, and based on the patriarchal clan thought, he gave birth to the theory of ethics and politics, so that the Neo-Confucianism could find the combination of "nature and heaven" and realistic politics. Seeking the basis of ontology for patriarchal ethics, in turn, cosmology can be used to guide the theory of humanity and morality based on patriarchal ethics. To bring the whole society into a hierarchical and orderly patriarchal organization, the political organization and the blood organization are combined, the family and the country are isomorphic, the monarch and the father are United, and the society is like a large family with the core of the emperor and the son as its core. This is the political assumption of "Ximing." It also best reflects the cultural spirit of the Book of Rites.
【作者单位】： 杭州师范大学人文学院;
【基金】：国家哲学社会科学研究基金重大项目“‘群经统类’的文献整理与宋明儒学研究”(13&ZD061)的研究成果
【分类号】：B244.45
，
本文编号：2306329
[Abstract]:Patriarchal system is a key system in ancient Chinese society. Patriarchal clan system and its concept deeply influenced the political form and social organization form of ancient China. The political ideal of Zhang Zai, a Neo-Confucianism in the Northern Song Dynasty, was to return to the rule of three generations, to establish a hierarchical order with patriarchal system as the core, and to serve as the social foundation of autocracy and centralization. He emphasized the importance of rebuilding patriarchal system from the angle of social stability and strengthening political order. The patriarchal clan system he conceived was a social governance model which matched with the minefield and feudal system he envisioned. Zhang Zai tried to put the social political order and ethical and moral norms into the patriarchal clan network, and based on the patriarchal clan thought, he gave birth to the theory of ethics and politics, so that the Neo-Confucianism could find the combination of "nature and heaven" and realistic politics. Seeking the basis of ontology for patriarchal ethics, in turn, cosmology can be used to guide the theory of humanity and morality based on patriarchal ethics. To bring the whole society into a hierarchical and orderly patriarchal organization, the political organization and the blood organization are combined, the family and the country are isomorphic, the monarch and the father are United, and the society is like a large family with the core of the emperor and the son as its core. This is the political assumption of "Ximing." It also best reflects the cultural spirit of the Book of Rites.
【作者单位】： 杭州师范大学人文学院;
【基金】：国家哲学社会科学研究基金重大项目“‘群经统类’的文献整理与宋明儒学研究”(13&ZD061)的研究成果
【分类号】：B244.45
，
本文编号：2306329
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