斯宾诺莎的心灵理论
发布时间：2018-11-05 18:24
【摘要】：心灵理论问题,是历史上众多哲学家、神学家争论已久的问题。古今中外的学者围绕这一问题的思考形成了许多自己独具特色的思想。在西方哲学史上,古希腊的柏拉图、亚里士多德,中世纪的奥古斯丁、托马斯·阿奎那,近代的笛卡尔都对心灵理论进行自己独立的思考。然而在斯宾诺莎这里,心灵理论可以说是别树一帜,特别是他的心灵理论和传统心灵理论是不同的。那么斯宾诺莎心灵理论的思想渊源是什么?什么是心灵理论?它有什么不用的本质?斯宾诺莎的心灵理论要解决什么问题?他要达到什么目的?他这一理论的意义及其影响是什么?针对这一系列的问题构成了本篇文章的基本理论框架。第一部分主要论述心灵理论的理论渊源。从古希腊时期开始探索心灵理论最初的提出,沿着历史的发展逐步找到斯宾诺莎提出心灵理论的根据,找到心灵与身体最初是怎样区别的。古希腊的柏拉图、亚里士多德最初是怎样定义的,中世纪的托马斯阿奎那和奥古斯丁是怎样发展的,以及近代初期笛卡尔是怎样对身体和心灵的关系进行解决的。第二部分是从本体论上论述斯宾诺莎心灵理论的基本观点。首先斯宾诺莎是如何继承笛卡尔的心灵理论的观点,并进行超越和发展的。其次是斯宾诺莎神、自然、实体的三位一体观,体现了斯宾诺莎泛神论的思想,贬低了神的地位。然后对斯宾诺莎心灵理论在本体论上进行全面的分析心灵的功能及其作用,斯宾诺莎认为心灵是无限思维属性样式,无限思维属性样式作为神和个别事物的中介将两者联系起来。第三部分是从认识论上论述斯宾诺莎的心灵理论。分为三方面的内容,首先探讨心灵理论的最初构成,斯宾诺莎认为这个最初的成分就是观念,而观念指的是观念系统,所以心灵是等同观念的,但是观念确是在先的。最后探讨心灵的存在必须要有一个实际存在——身体,斯宾诺莎认为身体是广延属性样式,在这里斯宾诺莎把心灵和身体统一在不同属性样式是为了解决笛卡尔遗留的身心关系问题。第四部分也是这篇论文的重点部分,主要论述心灵与身体的关系,其中最主要的就是讨论心灵与身体的统一两面论的关系,首先思维属性和广延属性各司其职,互不干涉。其次,心灵和身体是同一的两个属性样式。斯宾诺莎认为心灵和身体是统一的,只不过是思维属性和广延属性去认识身体和心灵罢了。第五部分是斯宾诺莎心灵理论的评价和影响。前半部分主要论述斯宾诺莎心灵理论的评价,因为斯宾诺莎初期是继承笛卡尔的观点的,但是否认了笛卡尔身心交感论,重新界定身心关系问题。后半部分主要论述斯宾诺莎心灵理论对康德、费希特、谢林、黑格尔的影响。
[Abstract]:The theory of mind has been debated for a long time by many philosophers and theologians in history. Scholars at all times and all over the world have formed many unique thoughts about this problem. In the history of western philosophy, Plato, Aristotle, Augustine, Thomas Aquinas and Descartes in ancient Greece thought independently of the theory of mind. But in Spinoza, mind theory is different, especially his mind theory is different from traditional mind theory. So what is the origin of Spinoza's mind theory? What is the theory of mind? What's the nature of it? What's Spinoza's mind theory going to solve? What does he want to achieve? What is the meaning of his theory and its influence? For this series of questions constitute the basic theoretical framework of this article. The first part mainly discusses the theory origin of mind theory. Since ancient Greece began to explore the theory of mind initially put forward along with the historical development of Spinoza gradually found the basis of the theory of mind to find out how the mind and the body is the first difference. How Plato and Aristotle were originally defined in ancient Greece, how Thomas Aquinas and Augustine developed in the Middle Ages, and how Descartes resolved the relationship between body and mind in the early modern times. The second part discusses Spinoza's basic view of mind theory from ontology. First of all, how Spinoza inherited Descartes' view of mind and transcended and developed it. Secondly, Spinoza's Trinity of Nature and entity embodies Spinoza's pantheism and devalues the status of God. Then, Spinoza's mind theory comprehensively analyzes the function and function of mind in ontology. Spinoza thinks that mind is an attribute of infinite thinking. The infinite thought attribute pattern acts as the intermediary between God and individual things. The third part discusses Spinoza's theory of mind from epistemology. It is divided into three aspects. Firstly, it discusses the initial composition of the mind theory. Spinoza thinks that this initial component is the idea, and the idea refers to the concept system, so the mind is equal to the idea, but the idea is the first. Finally, to discuss the existence of the mind, there must be a physical existence-the body. Spinoza thinks that the body is the extensive attribute style. Here Spinoza unifies the mind and body in different attribute patterns to solve the physical and mental problems left over by Descartes. The fourth part is also the key part of this paper, which mainly discusses the relationship between mind and body, among which the most important is to discuss the relationship between mind and body on two sides. First of all, the thinking attribute and the extensive attribute perform their respective duties and do not interfere with each other. Secondly, the mind and body are the same two attribute styles. Spinoza thinks that mind and body are unified, only mind attribute and extensive attribute to understand body and mind. The fifth part is the evaluation and influence of Spinoza's mind theory. The first part mainly discusses the evaluation of Spinoza's mind theory, because Spinoza inherited Descartes' viewpoint in the early stage, but denied Descartes' theory of psychosomatic sympathesiology and redefined the relationship between body and mind. The second part mainly discusses the influence of Spinoza's mind theory on Kant, Fichte, Schelling and Hegel.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B712.59
本文编号：2312964
[Abstract]:The theory of mind has been debated for a long time by many philosophers and theologians in history. Scholars at all times and all over the world have formed many unique thoughts about this problem. In the history of western philosophy, Plato, Aristotle, Augustine, Thomas Aquinas and Descartes in ancient Greece thought independently of the theory of mind. But in Spinoza, mind theory is different, especially his mind theory is different from traditional mind theory. So what is the origin of Spinoza's mind theory? What is the theory of mind? What's the nature of it? What's Spinoza's mind theory going to solve? What does he want to achieve? What is the meaning of his theory and its influence? For this series of questions constitute the basic theoretical framework of this article. The first part mainly discusses the theory origin of mind theory. Since ancient Greece began to explore the theory of mind initially put forward along with the historical development of Spinoza gradually found the basis of the theory of mind to find out how the mind and the body is the first difference. How Plato and Aristotle were originally defined in ancient Greece, how Thomas Aquinas and Augustine developed in the Middle Ages, and how Descartes resolved the relationship between body and mind in the early modern times. The second part discusses Spinoza's basic view of mind theory from ontology. First of all, how Spinoza inherited Descartes' view of mind and transcended and developed it. Secondly, Spinoza's Trinity of Nature and entity embodies Spinoza's pantheism and devalues the status of God. Then, Spinoza's mind theory comprehensively analyzes the function and function of mind in ontology. Spinoza thinks that mind is an attribute of infinite thinking. The infinite thought attribute pattern acts as the intermediary between God and individual things. The third part discusses Spinoza's theory of mind from epistemology. It is divided into three aspects. Firstly, it discusses the initial composition of the mind theory. Spinoza thinks that this initial component is the idea, and the idea refers to the concept system, so the mind is equal to the idea, but the idea is the first. Finally, to discuss the existence of the mind, there must be a physical existence-the body. Spinoza thinks that the body is the extensive attribute style. Here Spinoza unifies the mind and body in different attribute patterns to solve the physical and mental problems left over by Descartes. The fourth part is also the key part of this paper, which mainly discusses the relationship between mind and body, among which the most important is to discuss the relationship between mind and body on two sides. First of all, the thinking attribute and the extensive attribute perform their respective duties and do not interfere with each other. Secondly, the mind and body are the same two attribute styles. Spinoza thinks that mind and body are unified, only mind attribute and extensive attribute to understand body and mind. The fifth part is the evaluation and influence of Spinoza's mind theory. The first part mainly discusses the evaluation of Spinoza's mind theory, because Spinoza inherited Descartes' viewpoint in the early stage, but denied Descartes' theory of psychosomatic sympathesiology and redefined the relationship between body and mind. The second part mainly discusses the influence of Spinoza's mind theory on Kant, Fichte, Schelling and Hegel.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B712.59
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