人与自然的关系及其理论的历史嬗变
发布时间：2018-11-08 17:31
【摘要】：人以自然为依托,不断接受着自然给予人丰富物质资源的同时发挥主观能动性,对自然进行不同程度的改造。经过数万年的历史发展和文化积淀,人在自然的滋养下茁壮成长并孕育了各种文明,人与自然关系也伴随着人类社会的发展而发展。但是,从本质上来讲,人的发展受到自然提供的物质资料和自然本身固有的客观规律的制约,所以人与自然关系一直是人类发展史上不可忽视的问题。随着资本主义制度的确立和不断的完善,科学技术的迅猛发展以及全球化浪潮的发展,人对自然的征服和掠夺之心愈演愈烈。作为人与自然关系的重要组成部分,人该怎样发挥主观能动性,在处理人与自然关系的时候,就需要有科学的理论作为指导。现今人与自然的关系变和谐为恶化,现存的问题和潜在的问题丛生。针对这种形势,本文整理和分析人与自然关系的发展演变史,查询相关理论知识体系,揭示传统思维的局限性,树立马克思主义的人与自然关系理论指导下正确对待人与自然关系的思维方式,帮助人走出人与自然关系的困境。全文除去引言和后记,内容分为四个部分。第一部分,重点揭示人与自然关系的宏观发展概况以及当代人所面临的人与自然关系危机,从历史的角度了解人与自然关系的发展脉络,宏观整合、观察人与自然关系的发展特征,分析在被动适应阶段、能动改造阶段、危机迸发阶段人与自然关系经历的种种变化,在尊重客观历史的同时,思考人与自然关系发展到今天为何走向困境。第二部分,从哲学史上关于人与自然关系的几种理论及其局限性出发,主要探讨了特定时期的人与自然关系的哲学理论并分析其发展历程、特点和局限性。每个时代都有自己所处时代的人与自然关系理论,从机械唯物主义人与自然关系理论到主客二分的人与自然关系理论再发展到理性主义的人与自然关系理论,对各自理论的发展历程、特点及其局限性进行探讨,探究不同的时期处理人与自然关系的不同思维方式。第三部分,详细阐述了马克思主义的人与自然关系理论,挖掘其内在的科学价值和探索意义。本部分集中介绍了马克思主义的人与自然关系理论的多层次内容和特点,重点关注在其理论指导下衍生出来的可持续发展理念。第四部分,在第三部分的基础上,摒弃了先前人与自然关系理论具有的局限性,从转变思维方式出发,构建新的理念。历史的存在不仅是用来回顾的,更具有意义和价值的是思考历史,后世站在前人的肩膀上不断进行经验教训的总结和优秀元素的借鉴,从而在现有的社会条件下采用多种手段将经济的外在性成本转变为自然生态的内部收益,统一协调人与自然的关系,加强自然生态文明建设,缓解矛盾白热化状态,推动人与自然关系的和谐发展。迄今为止,学术界也对人与自然关系进行了多角度、深层次、宽领域的研究,不同的学者对于人与自然关系的研究出发点不同,侧重点不同。经过历史实践的验证,人与自然关系从现有危机状态走向和谐统一的最有效理论是马克思主义的人与自然关系理论。其先进性体系那在敢于突破原有理论的禁锢,转变思维方式,创新研究思路,在尊重自然的基础上,从人与自然关系的本质出发,采用客观科学的正确态度处理人与自然关系。
[Abstract]:The people, on the basis of nature, are constantly receiving the natural and rich material resources, and at the same time play the subjective initiative, and carry on different degree of transformation to nature. After tens of thousands of years of historical development and cultural accumulation, people thrive under the nourishment of nature and have bred various civilizations, and the relationship between man and nature is also developed with the development of the human society. However, in essence, human development is restricted by the material information provided by nature and the objective law inherent in nature itself, so the relationship between man and nature has always been a problem that cannot be ignored in the history of human development. With the establishment and perfection of the capitalist system, the rapid development of science and technology and the development of the tide of globalization, the people's heart of the natural conquest and the plundering becomes more and more intense. As an important part of the relationship between man and nature, how can a person play a subjective initiative, and when dealing with the relationship between man and nature, there is a need for scientific theory as a guide. Nowadays, the relationship between man and nature has become worse, the existing problems and potential problems are cluster. In view of this situation, this article is to sort out and analyze the development of the relationship between man and nature, to query the relevant theoretical knowledge system, to reveal the limitation of the traditional thinking, to set up the thinking mode of the relationship between man and nature under the guidance of the theory of the relationship between man and nature of Marxism, To help people get out of the dilemma of the relationship between man and nature. The full text removes the introduction and the postscript, and the content is divided into four parts. The first part focuses on the general situation of the relationship between man and nature and the relationship between man and nature, and the development of the relationship between man and nature from the angle of history, the development of the relationship between man and nature from the angle of history, the development of the relationship between man and nature, and the analysis of the passive adaptation stage. The change of the relationship between man and nature during the period of dynamic transformation and the stage of crisis burst, while respecting the objective history, thinking about the relationship between man and nature and developing to the dilemma of today. The second part, based on several theories and limitations of the relationship between man and nature in the history of philosophy, mainly discusses the philosophy theory of the relationship between man and nature in a specific period and analyses its development course, characteristics and limitations. Every time has the theory of the relationship between man and nature of the times, from the theory of the relationship between man and nature between man and nature of mechanical materialism to the theory of the relationship between man and nature and the relationship between man and nature of rationalism, and the development course of the theory. The characteristics and their limitations are discussed, and the different ways of thinking about the relationship between man and nature are explored in different periods. In the third part, the theory of the relationship between man and nature of Marxism is expounded in detail, and the scientific value and the exploration meaning in it are explored. This part focuses on the multi-level content and characteristics of the theory of the relationship between man and nature of Marxism, and focuses on the concept of sustainable development derived from the theory of theory. The fourth part, on the basis of the third part, abandoned the limitation of the theory of the relationship between man and nature, and set up a new idea from the way of changing the thinking mode. The existence of history is not only used to review, but also has the meaning and value of thinking history, and the later generations stand on the shoulder of the predecessors to make a summary of the lessons and the reference of the excellent elements. In order to promote the harmonious development of the relationship between man and nature, the economic externality cost is transformed into the internal income of the natural ecology by various means under the existing social condition, the relationship between the human and the nature is coordinated, the construction of the natural ecological civilization is strengthened, the contradiction and the white-hot state are relieved, and the harmonious development of the relationship between the human and the nature is promoted. So far, the academic circle has also carried on the multi-angle, deep-depth and wide-field research on the relationship between man and nature, and the different scholars have different starting points on the relationship between man and nature, and the focus is different. Through the verification of historical practice, the most effective theory of the relationship between man and nature from the state of current crisis to harmonious unity is the theory of the relationship between man and nature of Marxism. The advanced system is based on the nature of the relationship between man and nature, and uses the correct attitude of objective science to deal with the relationship between man and nature.
【学位授予单位】：河北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B03
[Abstract]:The people, on the basis of nature, are constantly receiving the natural and rich material resources, and at the same time play the subjective initiative, and carry on different degree of transformation to nature. After tens of thousands of years of historical development and cultural accumulation, people thrive under the nourishment of nature and have bred various civilizations, and the relationship between man and nature is also developed with the development of the human society. However, in essence, human development is restricted by the material information provided by nature and the objective law inherent in nature itself, so the relationship between man and nature has always been a problem that cannot be ignored in the history of human development. With the establishment and perfection of the capitalist system, the rapid development of science and technology and the development of the tide of globalization, the people's heart of the natural conquest and the plundering becomes more and more intense. As an important part of the relationship between man and nature, how can a person play a subjective initiative, and when dealing with the relationship between man and nature, there is a need for scientific theory as a guide. Nowadays, the relationship between man and nature has become worse, the existing problems and potential problems are cluster. In view of this situation, this article is to sort out and analyze the development of the relationship between man and nature, to query the relevant theoretical knowledge system, to reveal the limitation of the traditional thinking, to set up the thinking mode of the relationship between man and nature under the guidance of the theory of the relationship between man and nature of Marxism, To help people get out of the dilemma of the relationship between man and nature. The full text removes the introduction and the postscript, and the content is divided into four parts. The first part focuses on the general situation of the relationship between man and nature and the relationship between man and nature, and the development of the relationship between man and nature from the angle of history, the development of the relationship between man and nature from the angle of history, the development of the relationship between man and nature, and the analysis of the passive adaptation stage. The change of the relationship between man and nature during the period of dynamic transformation and the stage of crisis burst, while respecting the objective history, thinking about the relationship between man and nature and developing to the dilemma of today. The second part, based on several theories and limitations of the relationship between man and nature in the history of philosophy, mainly discusses the philosophy theory of the relationship between man and nature in a specific period and analyses its development course, characteristics and limitations. Every time has the theory of the relationship between man and nature of the times, from the theory of the relationship between man and nature between man and nature of mechanical materialism to the theory of the relationship between man and nature and the relationship between man and nature of rationalism, and the development course of the theory. The characteristics and their limitations are discussed, and the different ways of thinking about the relationship between man and nature are explored in different periods. In the third part, the theory of the relationship between man and nature of Marxism is expounded in detail, and the scientific value and the exploration meaning in it are explored. This part focuses on the multi-level content and characteristics of the theory of the relationship between man and nature of Marxism, and focuses on the concept of sustainable development derived from the theory of theory. The fourth part, on the basis of the third part, abandoned the limitation of the theory of the relationship between man and nature, and set up a new idea from the way of changing the thinking mode. The existence of history is not only used to review, but also has the meaning and value of thinking history, and the later generations stand on the shoulder of the predecessors to make a summary of the lessons and the reference of the excellent elements. In order to promote the harmonious development of the relationship between man and nature, the economic externality cost is transformed into the internal income of the natural ecology by various means under the existing social condition, the relationship between the human and the nature is coordinated, the construction of the natural ecological civilization is strengthened, the contradiction and the white-hot state are relieved, and the harmonious development of the relationship between the human and the nature is promoted. So far, the academic circle has also carried on the multi-angle, deep-depth and wide-field research on the relationship between man and nature, and the different scholars have different starting points on the relationship between man and nature, and the focus is different. Through the verification of historical practice, the most effective theory of the relationship between man and nature from the state of current crisis to harmonious unity is the theory of the relationship between man and nature of Marxism. The advanced system is based on the nature of the relationship between man and nature, and uses the correct attitude of objective science to deal with the relationship between man and nature.
【学位授予单位】：河北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B03
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