卢梭道德情感理论及现当代启示
发布时间：2018-12-15 14:27
【摘要】：一提到卢梭这位伟大的思想家,大家会立马想到他身上环绕的众多头衔-“政治家”、“教育家”、“哲学家”、“文学家”,他在诸多方面颇有建树,他的诸多思想汇聚成了一个巨大的资源库,我们可以随时从他的思想那里寻找我们当下需要的东西。将他放在西方伦理思想史的长河中,他虽算不上主流人物,但他对自然情感的关注给后人以参照和借鉴。情感作为人与生俱来的一部分是不容忽视的,他揭示出自然情感作为一种原发性的内在动力,在道德教育方面有其优越性。本文第一部分系统地介绍卢梭道德情感理论的时代背景,涉及到卢梭所处的时代背景及道德情感理论的理论源泉;第二部分:全面阐释卢梭道德情感理论的基本内容。首先自然人性论是他思想体系的基础,自然状态下的人是自由的,在卢梭看来唯有意志自由的人在自觉自愿的情况下做出的行为才算是真正的道德行为,因此他的道德教育的宗旨也是为了培养道德上自由的人;其次本文着重描述了自爱心与怜悯心的关系以及它们之间如何调和,卢梭强调的善良情感是他道德教育得以开展的基础,卢梭眼中的自爱心是对自己的关爱,怜悯心是对他人的关爱,在这两种基本的天然情感的激发下,人能由此产生道德意识和动机,从而形成良好的德性去做一个道德的人;最后卢梭指出在道德上指引人向善的是良心,良心的培育与发展依赖于自然情感的发展,对自然情感的培育是卢梭教育思想的重要部分。第三部分系统论述卢梭道德情感理论的评价与启示,评价涉及卢梭道德情感理论的特点:卢梭与休谟都注重道德情感中同情的作用,不同的是休谟强调理性在道德判断上的作用;卢梭提出的良心和康德提出的善良意志作为一种伦理思考都致力于为道德寻找根基,不同的是卢梭将道德的法则建立在自然情感的基础上,而康德将道德的法则建立在理性自身的基础上。在对现实的启示部分中,本文先分析当代道德教育出现的问题,问题包括当代道德教育不重视道德情感的培养,即使注重培养也是偏离了方向。最后小部分呼吁重视道德情感的培养,培养理智的情感,以期完善自我人格的发育。
[Abstract]:When you think of Rousseau, a great thinker, you immediately think of the many titles that surround him-"politicians," educators, "philosophers," writers, "and he has made great achievements in many ways. Many of his ideas converge into a vast pool of resources from which we can always find what we need right now. Although he is not a mainstream figure in the history of Western ethical thoughts, his concern for natural emotion will be used for reference and reference for later generations. As an inherent part of human beings, emotion can not be ignored. He reveals that natural emotion, as a primary internal motive force, has its superiority in moral education. The first part of this paper systematically introduces the background of Rousseau's moral emotion theory, which involves the background of Rousseau's time and the theoretical source of Rousseau's moral emotion theory. The second part: the basic content of Rousseau's moral emotion theory. First of all, the theory of natural human nature is the basis of his ideological system, and the man in the natural state is free. In Rousseau's view, only the act of free will can be regarded as a true moral act. Therefore, the purpose of his moral education is also to train people who are morally free; Secondly, this paper mainly describes the relationship between self-love and compassion and how to reconcile them. Rousseau emphasizes that his moral education is based on the kind-hearted emotion, and the self-love in Rousseau's eyes is his love for himself. Compassion is the love of others. Under the stimulation of these two basic natural emotions, people can produce moral consciousness and motivation, thus forming a good virtue to be a moral person; Finally, Rousseau pointed out that conscience is the moral guide of human being, the cultivation and development of conscience depends on the development of natural emotion, and the cultivation of natural emotion is an important part of Rousseau's educational thought. The third part systematically discusses the evaluation and enlightenment of Rousseau's theory of moral emotion, which involves the characteristics of Rousseau's theory of moral emotion: both Rousseau and Hume pay attention to the role of sympathy in moral emotion. The difference is that Hume emphasizes the role of reason in moral judgment. Rousseau's conscience and Kant's good will, as an ethical thought, are devoted to finding the foundation for morality, but Rousseau bases his moral law on natural emotion. Kant, on the other hand, established the law of morality on the basis of reason itself. In the enlightening part of reality, this paper first analyzes the problems of contemporary moral education, including the contemporary moral education does not attach importance to the cultivation of moral emotion, even if pay attention to the cultivation is also deviated from the direction. Finally, a small number of calls for the cultivation of moral emotion, the cultivation of rational emotion, in order to improve the development of self-personality.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B565.26
本文编号：2380818
[Abstract]:When you think of Rousseau, a great thinker, you immediately think of the many titles that surround him-"politicians," educators, "philosophers," writers, "and he has made great achievements in many ways. Many of his ideas converge into a vast pool of resources from which we can always find what we need right now. Although he is not a mainstream figure in the history of Western ethical thoughts, his concern for natural emotion will be used for reference and reference for later generations. As an inherent part of human beings, emotion can not be ignored. He reveals that natural emotion, as a primary internal motive force, has its superiority in moral education. The first part of this paper systematically introduces the background of Rousseau's moral emotion theory, which involves the background of Rousseau's time and the theoretical source of Rousseau's moral emotion theory. The second part: the basic content of Rousseau's moral emotion theory. First of all, the theory of natural human nature is the basis of his ideological system, and the man in the natural state is free. In Rousseau's view, only the act of free will can be regarded as a true moral act. Therefore, the purpose of his moral education is also to train people who are morally free; Secondly, this paper mainly describes the relationship between self-love and compassion and how to reconcile them. Rousseau emphasizes that his moral education is based on the kind-hearted emotion, and the self-love in Rousseau's eyes is his love for himself. Compassion is the love of others. Under the stimulation of these two basic natural emotions, people can produce moral consciousness and motivation, thus forming a good virtue to be a moral person; Finally, Rousseau pointed out that conscience is the moral guide of human being, the cultivation and development of conscience depends on the development of natural emotion, and the cultivation of natural emotion is an important part of Rousseau's educational thought. The third part systematically discusses the evaluation and enlightenment of Rousseau's theory of moral emotion, which involves the characteristics of Rousseau's theory of moral emotion: both Rousseau and Hume pay attention to the role of sympathy in moral emotion. The difference is that Hume emphasizes the role of reason in moral judgment. Rousseau's conscience and Kant's good will, as an ethical thought, are devoted to finding the foundation for morality, but Rousseau bases his moral law on natural emotion. Kant, on the other hand, established the law of morality on the basis of reason itself. In the enlightening part of reality, this paper first analyzes the problems of contemporary moral education, including the contemporary moral education does not attach importance to the cultivation of moral emotion, even if pay attention to the cultivation is also deviated from the direction. Finally, a small number of calls for the cultivation of moral emotion, the cultivation of rational emotion, in order to improve the development of self-personality.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B565.26
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