萨特自由观研究
发布时间：2018-12-21 10:11
【摘要】：自由是人类渴望的终极理想,自由之于人类是举足轻重的。亘古亘今,人类从未停下追寻自由的脚步,而实现自由之路既漫长又艰辛,是任重而道远的。一代代哲学家们前仆后继地进行着关于自由的思考。法国哲学家萨特也是这自由之路上矢志不渝的先行者,是人类探寻自由的历程中高耸着的里程碑。纵观萨特的自由哲学,随着他人生不同时期的进展也相应地发展着,每个阶段较之前都有着一定的进步,但是仍然有着其理论自身难以克服的问题,需要后人在研究萨特自由理论时对其思想进行批判与反思。萨特的自由思想不仅是对二十世纪的人们鼓励、影响与引导,对萨特的自由思想的研究对现代社会也有着深刻的意义。首先,本文将从社会历史发展过程中对萨特自由观产生影响的源头出发,主要通过对当时二战背景和人本主义思潮的解析,以及对萨特自由观继承与发展和客观环境的影响作为其自由观产生的逻辑起点,探究了萨特自由哲学产生之初的社会历史背景和思想理论之渊源;其次,主要从自由与选择、自由个人、自由他人、自由处境这四个方面论系统论述了萨特自由观的内涵,通过探讨了存在与虚无、存在与本质以及存在与自由的联系而得出一系列随着自由观的发展形成的新思想,阐明了萨特自由观带来的后果,以及了四十年代末饱经世故的萨特的自由观所发生的转变;再次,笔者将从辩证唯物主义和历史唯物主义的角度,对萨特的自由理论的理论性质及内容做出符合实际的批判,具体地分析其理论的理论错误、局限性以及错误部分的成因,并与马克思主义的正确思想价值观形成对比,借此警示大众从根本上理解自由的内涵,并引导人们建立正确的自由观;最后,通过对萨特自由理论错误的经验教训以及消极因素进行反思,分析其理论所带来的消极影响,借鉴并继承萨特自由理论中合理、积极的因素,并思考萨特的自由观所带给我们的现代启示。萨特的自由观重视人的个性与自由的发展,呼吁人们勇于追寻和探索自由的精神,对人们在现代语境下更好的实现自由大有裨益。
[Abstract]:Freedom is the ultimate ideal of human yearning, and freedom plays an important role in human beings. Ever since ancient times, mankind has never stopped to pursue freedom, and the road to freedom is long and arduous, and it is a long and long way to go. Generations of philosophers have been pondering over freedom. French philosopher Sartre is also an unswerving forerunner on this road of freedom and a towering milestone in the quest for freedom. Throughout Sartre's philosophy of freedom, with the development of his different periods of life, there has been some progress in each stage, but there are still some problems in his theory which are difficult to overcome. It is necessary for later generations to criticize and reflect on Sartre's theory of freedom. Sartre's freedom thought not only encourages, influences and guides people in the 20th century, but also has profound significance to modern society. First of all, this paper will proceed from the source of the influence on Sartre's concept of freedom in the course of social and historical development, mainly through the analysis of the background of World War II and the trend of humanism at that time. As the logical starting point of Sartre's concept of freedom, the author probes into the social historical background and the origin of his thought and theory at the beginning of Sartre's free philosophy. Secondly, it systematically discusses the connotation of Sartre's concept of freedom from four aspects: freedom and choice, free individual, free others and free situation. The relationship between existence and essence and between existence and freedom leads to a series of new ideas formed with the development of the concept of freedom, expounds the consequences of Sartre's view of freedom, and the transformation of Sartre's concept of freedom which has been experienced in the late 1940s. Thirdly, from the angle of dialectical materialism and historical materialism, the author will criticize the theoretical nature and content of Sartre's freedom theory in accordance with the reality, and analyze concretely the theoretical errors, limitations and the causes of the errors in his theory. It contrasts with the correct thought and values of Marxism, so as to warn the masses to understand the connotation of freedom fundamentally, and to guide people to establish the correct view of freedom. Finally, through the reflection on the experience and lessons of Sartre's freedom theory and the negative factors, this paper analyzes the negative influence brought by his theory, and inherits the reasonable and positive factors in Sartre's freedom theory. And thinking about Sartre's concept of freedom to us the modern enlightenment. Sartre's concept of freedom attaches great importance to the development of human personality and freedom, and appeals to people to pursue and explore the spirit of freedom, which is of great benefit to people to realize their freedom better in the modern context.
【学位授予单位】：长安大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B565.53
本文编号：2388768
[Abstract]:Freedom is the ultimate ideal of human yearning, and freedom plays an important role in human beings. Ever since ancient times, mankind has never stopped to pursue freedom, and the road to freedom is long and arduous, and it is a long and long way to go. Generations of philosophers have been pondering over freedom. French philosopher Sartre is also an unswerving forerunner on this road of freedom and a towering milestone in the quest for freedom. Throughout Sartre's philosophy of freedom, with the development of his different periods of life, there has been some progress in each stage, but there are still some problems in his theory which are difficult to overcome. It is necessary for later generations to criticize and reflect on Sartre's theory of freedom. Sartre's freedom thought not only encourages, influences and guides people in the 20th century, but also has profound significance to modern society. First of all, this paper will proceed from the source of the influence on Sartre's concept of freedom in the course of social and historical development, mainly through the analysis of the background of World War II and the trend of humanism at that time. As the logical starting point of Sartre's concept of freedom, the author probes into the social historical background and the origin of his thought and theory at the beginning of Sartre's free philosophy. Secondly, it systematically discusses the connotation of Sartre's concept of freedom from four aspects: freedom and choice, free individual, free others and free situation. The relationship between existence and essence and between existence and freedom leads to a series of new ideas formed with the development of the concept of freedom, expounds the consequences of Sartre's view of freedom, and the transformation of Sartre's concept of freedom which has been experienced in the late 1940s. Thirdly, from the angle of dialectical materialism and historical materialism, the author will criticize the theoretical nature and content of Sartre's freedom theory in accordance with the reality, and analyze concretely the theoretical errors, limitations and the causes of the errors in his theory. It contrasts with the correct thought and values of Marxism, so as to warn the masses to understand the connotation of freedom fundamentally, and to guide people to establish the correct view of freedom. Finally, through the reflection on the experience and lessons of Sartre's freedom theory and the negative factors, this paper analyzes the negative influence brought by his theory, and inherits the reasonable and positive factors in Sartre's freedom theory. And thinking about Sartre's concept of freedom to us the modern enlightenment. Sartre's concept of freedom attaches great importance to the development of human personality and freedom, and appeals to people to pursue and explore the spirit of freedom, which is of great benefit to people to realize their freedom better in the modern context.
【学位授予单位】：长安大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B565.53
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