美国政府支持企业法律制度研究

发布时间：2018-01-20 17:04

本文关键词： 政府支持企业特权默认担保金融机构社会责任　出处：《中南大学》2011年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：美国政府为实施公共政策创设了很多不同种类的机构,政府支持企业在其中最引人注目。至今,美国共存在过6所政府支持企业：服务住房领域的房利美、房地美和联邦住房贷款银行系统；服务农业领域的农业信贷系统和联邦农业抵押贷款公司；以及服务学生贷款的学生贷款市场协会。政府支持企业融合了政府机构与私有企业的特征,它们由私人所有、管理,并享有许多政府机构独有的特权,是联邦政府调节美国信贷市场的政府工具。政府支持企业成功地为美国信贷市场搭建了二级市场平台,弥补了市场的缺陷,提高了资本市场的效率。在美国政府利用私有企业调节市场这方面值得我国借鉴。然而,多数政府支持企业利用法律特权迅速成长并主宰信贷市场,漠视风险,最终导致房利美、房地美轰然倒塌。“两房”的惨败退市给我们警示：当政府任由一所机构成长为市场中的“航空母舰”时,任何监管都无能为力了。本文阐述、分析了政府支持企业的成立背景、机构特征和法律特权,论述了政府支持企业辉煌和“两房”衰败的原因,在此基础上总结出规范金融机构及其董事、高管的社会责任是平衡金融机构公益与私利的必要途径。
[Abstract]:The US government has created many different kinds of institutions for the implementation of public policy, among which government-supported enterprises are the most striking. So far, there have been six government-supported enterprises in the United States: Fannie Mae in the field of service housing. Freddie Mac and the Federal Housing loan Banking system; Agricultural credit system serving agriculture and the Federal Agricultural Mortgage Corporation; And student loan market associations that serve student loans. Government-backed enterprises combine the characteristics of government agencies and private enterprises, which are privately owned, managed and enjoy the exclusive prerogatives of many government agencies. It is a government tool for the federal government to regulate the credit market of the United States. Government-supported enterprises have successfully set up a secondary market platform for the credit market of the United States and made up for the shortcomings of the market. The efficiency of the capital market has been improved. The use of private enterprises to regulate the market in the United States is worth learning. However, most governments support the rapid growth of enterprises using legal privileges and dominate the credit market, ignoring risks. Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac eventually collapsed. Fannie and Freddie's debacle warned us when the government allowed an institution to grow into an aircraft carrier in the market. No supervision can do anything about it. This paper expounds and analyzes the background, institutional characteristics and legal privileges of the government-supported enterprises, and discusses the reasons for the brilliance of the government-supported enterprises and the decline of "Fannie and Freddie". On this basis, it is concluded that the social responsibility of financial institutions and their directors and executives is a necessary way to balance the public and private interests of financial institutions.
【学位授予单位】：中南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D971.2;DD912.29;F279.712

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