基于语料库的有关南海法律文本的批评性语篇分析

发布时间：2018-02-21 21:17

本文关键词： 南海法律《联合国海洋法公约》批评性语篇分析语料库　出处：《武汉理工大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：南海有着丰富的自然资源,例如石油、天然气,一直以来都吸引着亚太地区的许多国家。而南海争端的产生导致中国的海洋权益不断受到侵犯,南沙群岛的部分岛礁被侵占,海域被分割,资源被掠夺,这个争端已成为中国当前最重要的时事之一。因此,越来越多的学者试图从法律、历史、地理等不同的角度来解决这个有着很大争议的问题。本文以与南海相关的英文法律文本作为研究对象,采用批评性语篇分析的相关理论进行分析,其目的在于理解造成中国、菲律宾和越南对《联合国海洋法公约》及其它相关国际法有不同解释的原因以及从语言学角度找到造成南海争端的原因。南海争端是中国当前最重要的时事之一,因此,本文开头将会介绍南海的背景知识。然后,列举出已有的从历史、政治、地理、法律和国际关系等方面对南海争端进行过的研究。本文将来源于中国、菲律宾、越南以及国际上的与南海有关的法律文本作为语料,从来找到这些法律语言中的差异性。本文用到的理论是批评性语篇分析(CDA),尤其以韩礼德的系统功能语法为主。在作分析之前,作者建立了一个以真实法律文本为语料的小型英语语料库。主要的分析工具为Antconc和Claws Pos Tagger。本文将从词汇和句法结构的角度进行分析。首先,通过对与南海相关的不同法律文本中出现的两个关键性的专有名词——“领海”('territorial sea')和“专属经济区”('exclusive economic zone')的出现频率进行统计发现,这两个关键性的专有名词在《联合国海洋法公约》及其他与南海相关的国际海洋法中出现的频率最高,其次是与南海相关的中国法律,而在与之相关的菲律宾和越南的法律中出现的频率明显低于国际海洋法和中国海洋法,本文将以韩礼德的系统功能语法中的概念功能理论来分析这一结果,说明相比菲律宾和越南的相关法律文本而言,中国的相关法律文本所传达的信息与相关国际海洋法是一致的。其次,从搭配词的角度来看,在相关的国际海洋法和中国海洋法中,与关键专有名词“领海”搭配的多为表示定义或者限定的词语,而在相关的菲律宾和越南的法律中,出现的搭配词多为表示船只、污染等非限定的词,本文将以系统功能语法中的人际功能理论来分析这一现象,从而说明各个国家想要表达和强调的意图。最后,通过对与南海相关的不同法律文本的词汇密度和平均句式长度的统计分析发现,中国法律文本的词汇密度最低,而在《联合国海洋法公约》中词汇密度最高,从而看出《联合国海洋法公约》的句式最难理解,而中国的相关海洋法中的句式相比而言更易于理解,从语篇分析的角度来说明造成许多国家对《联合国海洋法公约》产生误解的原因之一在于法律文本的晦涩难懂。以系统功能语法的三个功能为理论基础,通过对法律文本的关键词频率统计、关键词搭配统计、词汇密度和平均句长的统计分析,作者试图去提供一种更好的方法来理解造成南海争端的原因。
[Abstract]:The South China Sea is rich in natural resources, such as oil, natural gas, has been attracting many countries in the Asia Pacific region. And the South China Sea dispute to Chinese marine rights and interests constantly violated, part of Spratly Islands reefs occupied, sea area is divided, exploitation of resources, the dispute has become one of the most important China current affairs. Therefore, more and more scholars try from different angles of law, history, geography and so on to solve the great controversy.
In this paper, and the South China Sea English related legal texts as the research object, analyzes the discourse analysis theory, the purpose is to understand the cause Chinese, Philippines and Vietnam have different reasons to explain and find the cause of the dispute from the linguistic point of "the United Nations Convention on the law of the sea" and other relevant international law.
The South China Sea dispute is one of the most important events Chinese, therefore, at the beginning of this article will introduce the background knowledge of the South China Sea. Then, lists the existing from history, politics, geography, legal research and international relations and other aspects of the dispute over the future. This paper comes from China, Philippines, Vietnam and the world and the South China Sea the relevant legal texts as the data, never find these differences in legal language.
This paper used the theory of critical discourse analysis (CDA), especially in systemic functional grammar. Hallidy before analyzing, the author established a real legal texts of the small English corpus. The main analysis tool for Antconc and Claws Pos Tagger., this article will from the perspective of lexical and syntactic structure analysis.
First of all, through proper nouns of two key different legal texts and the South China Sea in the "territorial waters" ('territorial sea') and the "exclusive economic zone" ('exclusive economic zone') the frequency of Statistics found that the two key terms in the "United Nations Convention on the law of the sea" and the South China Sea and other related international law of the sea in the highest frequency, followed by the South China Sea and the relevant laws and Chinese, appear in the related laws of the Philippines and Vietnam in a significantly lower frequency of international maritime law and the law of the sea China, this paper will take the concept of function theory of systemic functional grammar in Hallidy's analysis of the a result, compared to the relevant legal texts in Philippines and Vietnam, the relevant legal texts China conveys information associated with the international law of the sea is the same. Secondly, the collocation of words Point of view, in the relevant international law of the sea and Chinese in the law of the sea, and the key terms "territorial waters" for the definition of collocation or limit the expression of words, and in the relevant laws of Philippines and Vietnam, the collocation of words for said ships, pollution and other non defining words, this paper will take the interpersonal the function of the theory of systemic functional grammar to analyze this phenomenon, so that all countries want to express and emphasize the intention. Finally, through the statistical lexical density of different legal texts related with the South China Sea and the average sentence length of the analysis found that Chinese legal text vocabulary in the lowest density, "the United Nations Convention on the law of the sea. In terms of the highest density, so that" the United Nations Convention on the law of the sea "sentence the most difficult to understand the law of the sea, and Chinese in sentence compared to more easy to understand, from discourse analysis angle to explain One of the reasons that many countries have misunderstood the United Nations Convention on the law of the sea lies in the obscurity of the legal text.
Based on the three functions of systemic functional grammar, the author tries to provide a better way to understand the causes of the South China Sea dispute by analyzing the frequency of key words, key words collocation statistics, lexical density and average sentence length.

【学位授予单位】：武汉理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D90-055;H315

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