论我国继承习惯法和国家法的冲突和协调

发布时间：2018-02-24 07:16

本文关键词： 继承习惯法特留份继承顺位　出处：《四川省社会科学院》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：继承制度是我国民事法律制度的重要组成部分。我国继承法颁布三十多年,随着改革开放的深入推进,我国的经济和社会状况都发生了巨大变化。在我国民法典正在编纂的背景下,探讨继承法与国家法的冲突和协调问题对完善继承制度,编纂一部具有中国民族特色、适合中国国情的民法典有重要的理论和现实意义。我国继承习惯法有着数千年的历史传承,随着我国改革开放的深入,社会环境的变化,特别是不动产登记制度的推进,习惯法与国家法之间的冲突更为显著。因此,笔者从继承习惯法和国家法的冲突和协调为中心展开论述。本文共分四章。第一章,继承制度的习惯法和国家法。概述继承制度的概念、继承的本质特征及继承习惯法和国家法的关系。概述西方国家习惯法、国家法及教会法的历史变迁。通过历史的、国际的视角对习惯法和国家法的关系变化进行初步探讨。第二章,我国继承习惯法传统及现实适用。本章介绍了我国继承习惯法的古代法律渊源,重点是唐宋时期与今天习惯法有紧密联系的制度,并分析了古代继承制度的特点及与今天习惯法的传承,最后分析了继承习惯法在我国现实中的适用情况。第三章,我国继承习惯法与国家法的冲突分析。本章首先分析了继承习惯法和国家法冲突的表现形式,从继承顺位、遗嘱自由的限制、程序方面的冲突等方面进行了分析,并从文化背景、法律移植与民族习惯、立法技术等原因进行了分析。第四章,我国继承习惯法与国家法的协调及建议。本章是本文的重点内容。笔者首先分析了继承习惯法和国家法应遵循的原则和路径。建议借鉴我国古代继承传统和继承习惯法以及西方的立法经验,主要从继承顺位、对遗嘱自由的限制、立法空白等方面对我国的立法给出自己的建议。对遗嘱自由,笔者建议遗嘱从遗嘱的受益对象、遗嘱处分份额、举证责任三方面对遗嘱进行限制。对继承顺位,笔者建议第一顺位是子女及后嗣,父母为第二顺位,配偶作为特殊顺位,并从多个角度阐述了笔者的理由。总之,笔者希望从中华民族的民族特色和文化传承的立场对我国的习惯法和国家法的冲突和协调提供一个新的视角。
[Abstract]:Inheritance system is an important part of China's civil legal system. With the deepening of reform and opening up, China's inheritance law has been promulgated for more than 30 years. Great changes have taken place in the economic and social situation of our country. Under the background that the civil code of our country is being compiled, it is necessary to discuss the conflict and coordination between the inheritance law and the national law to perfect the inheritance system and compile a book with Chinese national characteristics. The Civil Code, which is suitable for China's national conditions, has important theoretical and practical significance. China's customary law of inheritance has been inherited for thousands of years. With the deepening of China's reform and opening up, the social environment has changed, especially the promotion of the real estate registration system. The conflict between customary law and national law is more obvious. Therefore, the author discusses the conflict and coordination between customary law and national law. This paper is divided into four chapters. Customary law and national law of inheritance system. The concept of inheritance system, the essential characteristics of inheritance and the relationship between customary law and international law. The historical changes of customary law, state law and church law of western countries. From the international perspective, the relationship between customary law and national law is preliminarily discussed. Chapter two, the tradition of inheritance customary law in China and its practical application. This chapter introduces the ancient legal sources of customary law of inheritance in China. The emphasis is on the system which is closely related to the customary law of the Tang and Song dynasties, and analyzes the characteristics of the ancient inheritance system and its inheritance with today's customary law. Finally, it analyzes the application of the customary law of inheritance in the reality of our country. This chapter first analyzes the forms of conflict between inheritance customary law and national law, including succession order, the restriction of will freedom, the conflict of procedure and so on. And from the cultural background, legal transplantation and national customs, legislative technology and other reasons for analysis. 4th chapter, This chapter is the main content of this paper. Firstly, the author analyzes the principles and paths of inheritance customary law and national law, and suggests to draw lessons from the ancient inheritance tradition and inheritance of our country. Customary law and Western legislative experience, Mainly from the following aspects: succession, restrictions on the freedom of will, legislative blank and other aspects of the legislation of our country to give their own advice. For the freedom of will, the author suggests that the will from the object of benefit, will disposition share, The burden of proof limits the will in three aspects. For succession, the author suggests that the first order is children and heirs, the parents second, the spouse as a special rank, and the author's reasons from several angles. The author hopes to provide a new angle of view for the conflict and coordination of Chinese customary law and national law from the standpoint of national characteristics and cultural heritage of the Chinese nation.
【学位授予单位】：四川省社会科学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D920.4

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