民国医事法与医事诉讼研究（1927-1937）

发布时间：2018-03-02 04:33

本文关键词： 民国医事法医事诉讼　出处：《西南政法大学》2012年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：在民国初期，随着近代法治系统在口岸城市的建立与完善，因西医治疗而引发的医事纠纷在近代法治系统进行审判，形成了民国时期颇具特色的医事诉讼解决机制。这一机制虽然于1949年后在大陆地区中断，但在台湾地区继续实施。1979年后，大陆地区建立市场经济，法治系统得以恢复，医疗市场化迅疾发展。从九十年代中期开始，因医疗冲突所引发的医讼热潮漫卷全国。回溯到民国时期，历史与今天有着很大的相似性。本文的写作目是梳理民国医事立法与司法的进程，探讨其在制度上和司法实践上的创建，期待为今天医事纠纷的解决寻求制度性的经验。本文共五章。现分章摘要如下：第一章导言，从历史与哲学的角度阐述了西医产生医事纠纷的根本原因。西医是规模化、流水线式的治疗模式，医生把病人视为“物质体”而非“生命体”，病人失去了人性关怀，医生与病人之间的关系走向市场化，医疗伦理逐渐陷落，医患之间相互猜忌，医疗冲突走向激化。医患纠纷产生的模型是：技术进步——技术压迫（技术规制）——群体间反抗（纠纷产生）。解决医患纠纷，需要人们建立对诚信和法律的信仰，把这种信仰固化为一种道德。民国时期的医事案件正处在中国法治大转型时期，中国传统的立法与司法模式在清末民初发生了急剧的变化，民国医事案件主要发生在医疗技术相对成熟、司法审判相对现代化的口岸地区。第二章民国医事法的产生与发展，主要探讨民国医事立法和医事司法产生的背景。本章首先界定医事法律的基本概念，说明医事法律的调整对象、医事法律的特征，继而探讨了中国传统社会的医事立法，主要包括医事行政立法、皇家医事立法、民间医事立法；探讨了中国传统社会的医事纠纷与解决机制，包括和解、调解、诉讼。本章重点探讨了民国医事法律产生的历史背景，近代化城市的出现、西医的传入、民国近代法治的建立是民国医事法产生的前提条件。医事纠纷的出现离不开医患双方的主观认识，医患对于医疗模式的认知偏差和对于疾病与治疗的认知偏差是医事纠纷出现的诱因。第三章民国医事立法研究。本章介绍了民国医事立法的指导思想、立法机构、立法程序，介绍了民国医事立法的内容，，通过对《医师条列》与《中医条例》的立法过程的研究，探讨社会各个利益团体在立法中的博弈。其次，本章对民国医事立法的内容作了较为详细的介绍，包括医疗主体、医疗市场、医疗环境、医疗行为、医疗内容等多方面的立法。第四章民国医事诉讼研究。本章考察了民国司法审判的基本特征、民国医事诉讼与普通诉讼的区别、民国医事案件审判的一般流程及其审判特色；研究了医事鉴定的探索性过程，考察了医事鉴定一般做法、医事鉴定主体的选择、医事鉴定回避、医事鉴定证明力等。其后，本章探讨了医讼主体在诉讼中的行为，包括法官与检察官的诉讼行为、医生和病人的诉讼行为、社会团体的诉讼行为，深入挖掘医事诉讼主体角色的社会性特征。第五章余论。对民国医事法律和今天大陆地区的医事法进行比较，寻找出二者的历史渊源，探讨民国医事立法和医事司法对今天的借鉴作用。
[Abstract]:In the early Republic of China, with the development of modern legal system established in the port city and the consummation, caused by western medicine medical dispute trial in modern legal system, the formation of the period of the Republic of China special medical litigation mechanism. This mechanism in 1949 in the mainland after the interruption, but continue to implement.1979 in Taiwan area the establishment of the market economy, the mainland legal system resumed, of fast development of medical market. From the middle of 90s, caused by medical conflicts in the country. The upsurge of medical litigation dates back to the period of the Republic of China, history has a great similarity with today. The writing of this article is combing the medical legislation and judicial process. To investigate the system and judicial practice of creating, looking forward to solve medical disputes for today to seek institutional experience. This paper consists of five chapters. The chapters are as follows:
The first chapter is the introduction, discusses the cause of Western medicine to produce medical disputes from historical and philosophical perspective. Western medicine is a large-scale, pipelined mode of treatment, doctors treat patients as "physical" instead of "life", the patient lost humanity, the relationship between doctors and patients go to the market. The medical ethics has gradually subsided, mutual mistrust between doctors and patients, medical conflicts intensified. The model of medical tangle is technical progress of Technology (technical regulation) - oppressed groups (disputes). Resistance to resolve disputes between doctors and patients, people need to establish the integrity and legal faith, the faith of curing as a moral. The period of the Republic of China is in the case of medical law transformation period China, legislative and judicial mode of traditional Chinese changed dramatically in the late Qing Dynasty, the Republic of China medical cases mainly occurred in medical technology. For mature, judicial and relatively modern port areas.
The emergence and development of the second chapter of medical law, discusses the medical legislation and judicial medical background. This chapter first defines the basic concepts of medical law, indicating the adjustment object of medical law, medical law characteristics, and then discusses the China traditional social medical legislation, including medical administrative legislation, the Royal medical legislation and civil medical legislation; discusses the Chinese traditional social and medical dispute settlement mechanism, including reconciliation, mediation, litigation. This chapter mainly discusses the historical background of medical law, "the emergence of the modern city, the introduction of Western medicine, the establishment of the modern rule of law is the prerequisite of the medical law. The emergence of medical disputes cannot do without the subjective understanding of the relationship between doctors and patients, doctors and patients is the incentive for the medical disputes and medical model of cognitive bias for the disease and treatment of cognitive bias.
The third chapter studies the medical legislation in the Republic of China. This chapter describes the guiding ideology, the medical legislation legislative body, legislative procedure, Republic of China introduced the medical legislation content, based on the list > and < < doctor of traditional Chinese Medicine Ordinance legislation research, discussion on the game in the legislation of social interest groups. Secondly, the chapter of the medical legislation contents are introduced in detail, including the main medical treatment, medical market, medical environment, medical behavior, medical content and other aspects of the legislation.
The fourth chapter is the research of the medical litigation. This chapter examines the basic characteristics of justice of the Republic of China, the difference between the Republican medical litigation and common action, the general process of medical trial and trial of medical characteristics; identification of the exploratory process, investigated the identification of general medical practice, medical identification of the subject selection, medical identification of avoidance identification of medical proof force. Then, this chapter discusses the subject of medical lawsuit in the lawsuit behavior, including litigation behavior of judges and prosecutors, litigation behavior of doctors and patients, the lawsuit behavior of social organizations, social features in-depth medical litigation subject role.
The fifth chapter is conclusion. To compare the medical law, medical law and today of the mainland, to find out the historical origin of the two, the Republic of China on medical legislation and judicial medical use for reference for today.

【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D929;D915.2

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