法治政府制度创新路径研究

发布时间：2018-03-05 22:13

  本文选题：法治政府　切入点：法治化　出处：《苏州大学》2015年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：党的十八届四中全会上提出了“法治中国”的理念,是对中国法治重要的官方阐释。后来,习近平总书记在视察江苏镇江时又提出了“四个全面”思想,这为我国法治政府建设提供了最大的政治文化支撑。法治在中国意味着“垂法而治”,在西方意味着“良法之治”,前者强调依据法律的重要性,后者则主张法律的合正义性。中国需要走出自己一条独特的法治之路。法治化是法治的动态表现过程,它的重要组成部分是政府法治化或法治政府建设。法治政府的基本内涵在于规范政府权力、规制政府关系、调谐政民互动等三大要义。法治政府建设困境主要表现为政府既是法治建设的创新主体又是阻碍法治化的重要因素;政府总是想法跳出法律的控制,导致政府法治化最后退化为人治状态。中国的中央集权传统决定了政府的制度创新成为了法治政府的建构路径。制度创新原本是公共管理学中概念,引入法治政府研究中,为之开辟了新领域或新视角,意指通过新旧的制度替代过程来实现社会变迁的活动过程,除了包括政府制度创新外,还可以涵盖社会自发的制度创新和市场自发的制度创新。政府制度创新在整体意义上可以与政府改革密切联系起来,包含了制度供应、资源配置及权益保障三大功能。法治政府在最初是制度创新的政治目标,后来会逐步成为制度创新的主体,二者之间形成了相互促进的改革联系。中国历代政府经历了千年法治改革的努力,制度建设的主要焦点在于礼制与法治之间的调和,礼法之争成了帝制中国政治改革的基本内容,这对于中国社会发展产生极为深刻的影响。其实,问题并不在于礼制或法治——何种政治统治形式利于中国的政治发展,而在于政府制度创新作为中国难以替代的变革途径,它如何实现由人治向法治转变的本质内容。中国的人治因素在帝制传统政体中占据了主要位置,这造成了后来的强人政治路径依赖。当然,中国的传统法治资源是宝贵的,应当注意发掘,加以改造,为现代法治中国奠基文化基础。在当下的法治政府建设过程中,中国政府制度创新出现了实践、体制及机制三大困境,这是由于我们太过分追求改革的效率与结果造成的,改革本来就是要求在稳定与发展之间谋求平衡。历史经验表明,中国政府制度创新的改革弊端在于忽略了本土生成的传统社会基础、在改革形式上容易走向极端化,这直接导致历史上所有的改革难题都集中于现在的共和政府。法治政府建设的五个基本目标是政府依法产生、政府服从法律、法律监督政府、政府模范守法。基本思路是:可以通过制度创新来实现法治政府目标,然后在即成的法治政府框架中推行制度创新,形成各种创新制度的固定化与法治化,最终全面推动法治中国建设。主要措施是:中央全面集权、迅速建立起强大的政治权威,严格限制政府执法活动、保障民众合法权益,在社会领域实施相关创新措施、实现政民互动顺畅化。本文提出的法治政府建设方案的可行性如何?《商君书》说:“论至德者不和与俗,成大功者不谋于众。”邓小平同志也说过,“实践是检验真理的唯一标准”。中国宪法规定公民有言论自由,可以就自己关心的政治问题发表自己的见解与看法。因此,本文最后对中国的法治政府建设的制度创新路径进行了前景预测与未来展望。基本结论是政府制度创新能否实现既定的制度改革目标事实上关系到法治中国全面建设大业的成败。
[Abstract]:The party in the fourth Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee put forward the "rule of law Chinese" concept, is the rule of law China official explanation important. Later, the general secretary Xi Jinping put forward "four overall" thought in Zhenjiang visited Jiangsu, which provides the greatest political and cultural support for the construction of the legal government. The rule of law in Chinese means "vertical in the western law and rule", means "good governance", the former emphasizes on the importance of the law, the latter claim is a legal meaning. Chinese needs out of their own in a unique way of rule of law. The rule of law is the rule of the dynamic process, it is an important part of the government by law or rule of law the construction of the government. The basic connotation of the rule of law is to regulate the power of the government regulation, government relations, tuned political interaction and three key points. The plight of legal government construction mainly for the new government is building the rule of law The main body is an important factor impeding the rule of law; the government is always out of control of the legal idea, causes the government rule of law finally degenerated into a man. China centralization tradition determines the system innovation of government has become a way of constructing the rule of law government. Institutional innovation is the original public management concept, the introduction of the rule of law government research. Opens a new field or a new perspective for the activities of the old and the new system of alternative means to achieve social change process, in addition to include government system innovation, but also cover social spontaneous institutional innovation and market spontaneous institutional innovation. Government system innovation can be linked closely with government reform in the overall sense, including the supply system, the three functions of the allocation of resources and security interests. The government ruled by law is the system innovation of the political objectives in the first, then will gradually become the main institutional innovation Body, mutual promotion of the reform relationship formed between the two governments. China experienced thousands of years of rule of law reform efforts, the main focus of the system construction is to reconcile between the etiquette and rule of law, the controversy has become the basic content of the monarchy China political reform, which has extremely profound influence on social development. In fact, China the question is not, or what the political rule of Law -- the ritual form for Chinese political development, but in the government system innovation as a way to reform Chinese difficult to replace it, how to realize the essence of change from rule of man to the rule of law. The rule of factors China occupies the main position in the traditional system, which caused the dependence of political strongman path later. Of course, the traditional legal resources China is precious, should pay attention to discover, to transform the foundation and cultural foundation for the modern rule of law in the current Chinese. The process of the government under the rule of law in the construction of innovation system of government China appeared in practice, system and mechanism of three problems, this is due to the efficiency and results we too pursue reform, reform is required to seek a balance between stability and development. History shows that the innovation of government system reform Chinese malpractice lies in ignoring the traditional society based on local production, easy to go to extremes in the form of reform, which led directly to the history of all the problems in the reform are concentrated in the now republican government. The five basic goals of the construction of the legal government is the government according to the law, the government to obey the law, the legal supervision of the government, the government abides by the law. The basic idea is: the model can through system innovation to achieve the goal of implementing the system innovation of the government under the rule of law, rule of law government and soon into the framework, immobilization and formation of the rule of law a variety of system innovation, finally The rule of law and promoting the construction of China. The main measures are: Central Comprehensive centralization, quickly established a strong political authority to restrict the government's law enforcement activities, protect the legitimate rights and interests of the people, the implementation of innovative measures in the field of society, politics and people interact smoothly. How the feasibility of government construction scheme proposed in this paper? "The book of Lord Shang. Said:" the person with theory and vulgar, and success is not for public. "Comrade Deng Xiaoping also said," practice is the sole criterion for testing truth. China constitution stipulates that citizens have freedom of speech, can express its own views and opinions on political issues they care about. Therefore, innovation at the end of the rule of law the construction of the government Chinese of and future outlook forecast. The basic conclusion is that government institutional innovation can achieve the objectives system reform in fact related to the rule of law in the country to build a comprehensive The success or failure of the great industry.

【学位授予单位】：苏州大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D920.0
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本文编号：1572117