印度生物遗传资源和相关传统知识获取制度发展动态研究

发布时间：2018-03-14 13:43

本文选题：印度　切入点：生物遗传资源　出处：《植物遗传资源学报》2017年03期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：印度是世界上生物多样性最丰富的国家之一,主张遗传资源主权归国家所有并实现遗传资源惠益公平分享。印度政府于2003年颁布了《生物多样性法》,2004年又补充颁布了《生物多样性条例》,明确规定国家对其生物资源及相关传统知识的主权、保护原则、主管部门和管理体系、获取和惠益分享等问题。2014年又制订发布了《生物资源及相关传统知识获取规则指南》,对生物考察和利用、商业开发的惠益形式与比例、成果转化程序与惠益分享方式、知识产权获取程序与惠益分享形式、第三方转让为研究或商业利用、豁免审批情况等都作出了详细明确的规定。从印度遗传资源获取与惠益分享制度体系发展动态来看,印度的制度构建过程是循序渐进,不断更新,逐步趋于完善、细化。印度的遗传资源制度体系建设紧跟国际发展形势,从原则性的规定发展到具体措施。印度与中国生物遗传资源及相关传统知识国情相似,国际谈判立场一致,印度的遗传资源获取与惠益分享管理制度体系构建思路值得中国在国内遗传资源获取与惠益分享国家制度体系构建借鉴。
[Abstract]:India is one of the most biodiversity-rich countries in the world. The Government of India enacted the Biodiversity Act on 2003, and the Biodiversity regulations were supplemented in 2004, expressly stipulating that the State shall give birth to genetic resources. Sovereignty over material resources and related traditional knowledge, Principles of protection, authorities and management systems, access and benefit-sharing issues. In 2014, the guidelines for the rules on access to Biological Resources and related traditional knowledge were developed and issued, providing a guide to biological exploration and utilization, forms and proportions of benefits of commercial development, Procedures for conversion of results and modes of benefit-sharing, procedures for obtaining intellectual property rights and forms of benefit-sharing, transfer of third parties for research or commercial purposes, From the development of the Indian genetic resources access and benefit-sharing system, India's institutional construction process is gradual, constantly updated, and gradually improved. The construction of India's genetic resources system follows the international development situation, from the provisions of principle to the specific measures. India and China share similar national conditions in biological genetic resources and related traditional knowledge, and have the same position in international negotiations. The idea of constructing the management system of genetic resources acquisition and benefit-sharing in India is worth learning from the construction of China's national system of access and benefit-sharing of genetic resources in China.
【作者单位】：环境保护部南京环境科学研究所;贵州大学法学院;
【基金】：生物多样性保护专项(2111101) 西藏阿里地区获取和惠益分享能力建设问题研究
【分类号】：D935.1;DD912.6;Q16

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