论宋代地方司法分权制度

发布时间：2018-03-18 04:23

本文选题：宋代　切入点：地方司法　出处：《西南政法大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：宋兴之时，为避免五代国家分裂、藩镇割据之患，太祖赵匡胤听从赵普的建议，渐次收节度政权、财权、军权于中央，加强中央对地方的控制。同时，，采用“设官分职，分割事权”的方法，分割朝臣的权力，以防止大臣擅权。宋代地方司法分权制度，就是建立在行政分权的背景之下的。有宋一代，在地方设有县、州、路三级司法机构。相对而言，县级司法机构的设置较为简单，分权的特征并不十分明显。但是，在其审判程序中有一项十分优良的传统，那就是负责捕盗的县尉不得推鞫，从而形成了侦查与审判的分离。宋代州级司法机构的设置可谓是内部事权分散行使的完整表现。一方面，推鞫、录问、检断分别由不同的部门独立进行；另一方面，通判分割了知州的审判权，对其形成制约。宋王朝在路一级设置了安抚司、转运司、提点刑狱司和提举常平司四个并列的司法机构，它们互不统属、相互制约，共同行使审判权。在司法事权分散行使的基础上，宋王朝确立了一些相应的分权制度。其中最值得称道的是鞫谳分司制度。这项制度所体现的推鞫和检断分权的精神，被宋统治者和士大夫不遗余力地遵循。宋代继承了前朝的录问制度，将之推广到各级司法机构，并明确规定录问官员应当遵循回避原则，保持其相对独立性。为避免刑狱冤滥，宋王朝确立了翻异别勘制度，为当事人提供了更为广阔的救济渠道，这亦是宋代狱讼淹延的根源之一。宋代的司法分权制度是儒家“慎刑恤狱”思想的要求，也是士大夫阶层推动的结果。这种司法分权不同于现代意义上的侦查权、检察权、审判权的相互独立，其实质仅是司法事权的分散行使，并没有从根本上脱离中国古代纠问式诉讼的窠臼。但是司法分权制度的确立，对于巩固中央集权、避免刑狱冤滥起到了重要作用。然而，亦因为这一繁冗而周密的程序设计，不可避免地造成了狱讼淹滞。
[Abstract]:At the time of Song Hsing, in order to avoid the break-up of the five dynasties and the separation of the towns and cities, Zhao Kuangyin, too, listened to Zhao Pu's advice, gradually relegating the regime, financial power and military power to the central authorities, and strengthening the central government's control over the localities. At the same time, it adopted the principle of "setting up official posts." The method of dividing the administrative power, dividing the power of the courtiers in order to prevent the ministers from interfering with the power. The system of local judicial decentralization in the Song Dynasty was established under the background of administrative decentralization. In Song Dynasty, there were county, state and road judicial organs. Comparatively speaking, the setting up of county-level judicial organs was relatively simple, and the characteristics of separation of powers were not very obvious. However, there was a very good tradition in its trial procedure. That is, county officers in charge of arresting and stealing must not be pushed, thus forming a separation between investigation and trial. The setting up of state judicial organs in the Song Dynasty can be described as a complete manifestation of the decentralized exercise of internal powers. On the one hand, they are pushing and recording questions. On the other hand, it divided the jurisdiction of Zhizhou and restricted it. At the road level, the Song Dynasty set up a pacification department and a trans-shipment department. The four juxtaposed judicial organs of the Department of Prisons and the Department of Changping are mutually restricted and exercise judicial power. On the basis of the decentralized exercise of judicial power, the Song Dynasty established some corresponding systems of separation of powers. The rulers and literati of the Song Dynasty spared no effort to follow. The Song Dynasty inherited the previous system of interrogation and extended it to the judicial organs at all levels, and clearly stipulated that the interrogators should abide by the principle of recusal and maintain their relative independence. The Song Dynasty established the system of dissimilar exploration, which provided a broader relief channel for the parties, which was one of the roots of the Song Dynasty. The system of judicial decentralization in the Song Dynasty is the requirement of the Confucian thought of "careful punishment and compassionate prison" and the result promoted by the literati and officials. This kind of judicial decentralization is different from the investigation power, the procuratorial power and the judicial power in the modern sense, which are independent of each other. But the establishment of judicial separation system plays an important role in consolidating centralization of power and avoiding criminal injustice. But also because of this redundant and careful programming, inevitably caused the prison proceedings flooded.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D929

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