清末刑罚的近代化研究

发布时间：2018-04-15 22:10

本文选题：清末法制 + 刑罚制度　；参考：《中国政法大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：清末刑法改革是法学界一个亘古不衰的话题,而刑罚制度的近代化改革更是清末刑法改革中的亮点。传统封建刑罚制度以残酷著称,清末刑罚制度的近代化变革剔除了刑罚野蛮残酷的一面,废除了以肉刑为中心的刑罚体系,确立了以自由刑为中心的近代化刑罚体系,推崇刑罚的教育刑宗旨,使清末的刑罚制度走上近代化的道路。本文主要运用社会学的方法,历史文献分析方法和比较的方法来系统论述清末刑罚制度的近代化。立足当时的史料,主要是当时的刑事类法典以及档案史稿并结合当时的时代背景,从不同角度来分析论述清末刑罚制度的近代化。清末刑罚改革处于内忧外患的社会大背景之下,世界范围内资产阶级革命浪潮此起彼伏。当时的清王朝已经处于半封建半殖民地状态,司法主权受到西方列强的干涉。清王朝积极地改革法律的一个直接目的就是想要收回领事裁判权。引进西方先进的刑罚制度首先体现为对西方先进的刑罚理念的引进,如,罪刑法定主义原则,教育刑原则,人权保障原则,刑罚执行的经济性原则等。清末的刑罚制度不仅确立了以自由刑为中心的新的刑罚体系,而且死刑执行方式改为一元化的绞,死刑执行的场所也改为监内。以自由刑为中心的刑罚体系的建立催生了监狱的近代化变革,推动了近代第一部监狱律草案——《大清监狱律草案》的出台。在清末刑罚制度中引进了西方的激励措施:减刑制度、假释制度、以及刑罚执行过程中“累进处遇制”等制度。这些制度的规定都极大地激励了犯罪人,鼓励他们通过自己的积极悔改来减轻自己的刑罚。晚清刑罚制度的近代化改革对中国法制近代化尤其是刑法近代化的发展做出了不可磨灭的巨大贡献。尽管由于种种原因以救亡图存为目的的清末刑罚改革并没有挽救腐朽的清王朝的命运,但这只是落后的封建阶级退出历史舞台,中国法制近代化的征程才刚刚开始。
[Abstract]:The reform of criminal law in the late Qing Dynasty is an everlasting topic in the field of law, and the modernization of the penal system is a bright spot in the reform of criminal law in the late Qing Dynasty.The traditional feudal penalty system is famous for its cruelty. The modernization of the penalty system in the late Qing Dynasty eliminated the brutal and cruel aspect of the penalty, abolished the penalty system centered on the corporal punishment, and established the modern penalty system with the freedom penalty as the center.The aim of educational punishment, which respected punishment, made the penalty system of the late Qing Dynasty on the way of modernization.This paper mainly discusses the modernization of penalty system in the late Qing Dynasty by means of sociology, historical literature analysis and comparison.Based on the historical data at that time, mainly the criminal code and archives of that time, and combined with the background of the times, this paper analyzes and discusses the modernization of the penalty system in the late Qing Dynasty from different angles.The penalty reform in the late Qing Dynasty was under the social background of internal and external troubles, and the bourgeois revolutionary wave occurred one after another in the world.At that time, the Qing Dynasty was in a semi-feudal and semi-colonial state, and the judicial sovereignty was interfered by western powers.One of the direct purposes of the Qing Dynasty's active reform of the law was to recover consular jurisdiction.The introduction of the advanced western penalty system first embodies the introduction of the advanced western penalty concepts, such as the principle of legality, the principle of education, the principle of human rights protection, the economic principle of penalty enforcement, and so on.The penalty system in the late Qing Dynasty not only established a new penalty system centered on free punishment, but also changed the execution mode of death penalty to monistic strangulation, and the place where execution of death penalty was carried out was changed into prison.The establishment of the penalty system centered on the free punishment gave birth to the modernization of the prison and promoted the publication of the first draft of the prison law in modern times-the draft of the prison law of the Qing Dynasty.In the late Qing Dynasty, western incentive measures were introduced, such as commutation system, parole system, and progressive system in the process of penalty execution.The provisions of these systems greatly encourage criminals to reduce their penalties through active repentance.The modernization of the penal system in the late Qing Dynasty made an indelible contribution to the modernization of the Chinese legal system, especially the modernization of the criminal law.Although the penalty reform aimed at saving the nation from the dead for various reasons did not save the fate of the decaying Qing Dynasty, it was only the retreat of the backward feudal class from the historical stage, and the process of modernization of China's legal system had just begun.
【学位授予单位】：中国政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D929;D924.12

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