评弗洛伊德的“法律是集体的超我意识”

发布时间：2018-04-24 02:35

本文选题：法律本体论 + 弗洛伊德主义　；参考：《西南政法大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：心理学与法理学都起源于哲学，尽管研究对象上有所差异，但研究目的却是契合的，共同指向人类更“好”的生活。两个学科实际上是人类在追求自我智识成长过程中选择的不同道路。然而，我国运用心理学的分析方法来考察法理学基本问题的研究成果极为少见。西格蒙德·弗洛伊德后期思想主要尝试将精神分析的理论方法运用到对人类社会生活以及文化发展等领域的分析中去，实质上他开始突破精神分析个人研究的局限，并形成了极具创见的弗洛伊德的文明观。文明观中最重要的一对关系是“本能与文明”。本能，是人类活动的内在驱动力，也是人类社会运作的内在驱动力。社会由人组成，而人由本能驱动。人们为了消解三种痛苦，愿意牺牲部分的本能来换取安全、创造规则。法律也就由此诞生，成长为一种集体的意识，并最终成为“所有人的法律”。对人性本能和进攻性本能的压抑，使得人们以一种文明的方式在社会中得以生活。然而这种被压抑的死亡本能有一部分会向内表现为自我的破坏，于是人们就总是难以获得幸福感，或者总是表现为一种对文明的深深不满。其根源在于，无论是性本能还是进攻性本能，实质上与法律的要求之间形成了尖锐的冲突，所有的文明和法律都是对本能的压抑和否定。从心理学的角度，法律本质上就是一种压抑工具。 “超我”被认为是心理学领域最珍贵的文明财产，它会使得“那些发生了这种转化的人从文明的反对者变成文明的媒质”。而在一个文化单元里，，这样的人越多，它的文化也就会越稳固，这种集体的超我，是社会文明稳固的基础。在外部权威上，树立法律作为一种压抑工具，规定了对侵犯行为的惩罚，同时，在内部权威上，加深对这一法律的内心确信和遵守，认为我们遵守法律是出自于“自我安全的需要”，或者是“文明的需要”，而不再在“本能”的激情、无理性、无逻辑的需要下推翻它们。这样，在最大程度上，唤起了受限制的力比多，并通过这种压抑关系加强了社会管理。因此，法律不仅仅作为一种集体意识，作为一种对本能的压抑工具，而且在更高的心理层面“法律作为一种集体的超我意识”而存在。
[Abstract]:Psychology and jurisprudence both originated from philosophy. Although there are some differences in the object of study, the purpose of the study is identical and points to a better life for human beings. In fact, the two disciplines are different ways for human beings to pursue their own intellectual growth. However, it is rare to investigate the basic problems of jurisprudence by using the analytical method of psychology in our country. Sigmund Freud's late thought mainly attempts to apply the theory method of psychoanalysis to the analysis of human social life and cultural development. In fact, he begins to break through the limitations of psychoanalytic personal research. And formed a very creative view of Freud's civilization. The most important relationship in the view of civilization is instinct and civilization. Instinct is the internal driving force of human activity and the internal driving force of human social operation. Society is made up of people, and people are driven by instinct. In order to overcome the three kinds of pain, people are willing to sacrifice some instinct for security and create rules. Law came into being, grew into a collective consciousness, and eventually became the law of all. The suppression of human instinct and offensive instinct makes people live in society in a civilized way. But part of this repressed death instinct is self-destructive, so it's always hard to get happiness, or always a deep dissatisfaction with civilization. Its origin lies in the sharp conflict between sexual instinct and offensive instinct in essence and the requirement of law. All civilization and law suppress and negate instinct. From a psychological point of view, law is essentially a repressive tool. The superego is regarded as the most precious civilized property in the field of psychology, and it makes "those who have undergone this transformation from the opponents of civilization to the medium of civilization." In a cultural unit, the more such people, its culture will become more stable, this collective superego, is the foundation of social civilization. In terms of external authority, the establishment of the law as a repressive tool provides for the punishment of violations, at the same time, in the internal authority, it deepens the inner conviction and observance of this law. Think that we obey the law out of the need of self-security, or the need of civilization, and no longer overturn them under the passion, irrationality, and illogical need of "instinct". In this way, to the greatest extent, it evokes restricted libido and strengthens social management through this repressive relationship. Therefore, law exists not only as a collective consciousness, as a repressive instrument of instinct, but also as a collective superego consciousness on a higher psychological level.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D90-05

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