孟德斯鸠的优良政体论——《论法的精神》第一编中的一对不为人知的政体

发布时间：2018-04-27 09:11

本文选题：孟德斯鸠 + 《论法的精神》　；参考：《兰州大学学报(社会科学版)》2017年03期

【摘要】：长期以来,《论法的精神》第一编有关专制政体的论述被视为是孟德斯鸠对于东方社会的政治形式的客观描述,但很多研究者并未意识到,有关专制政体的讨论成为了孟德斯鸠建构新的政体论的出发点。实际上,有关专制政体的论述凸显了孟德斯鸠鲜明的价值立场。在孟德斯鸠的描述中,专制政体是一种内在不合法的政体,并且,在他有关专制政体的论述和霍布斯的自然状态的论述中存在着相似性。在《论法的精神》的第一编中,孟德斯鸠多次提及专制政体和宽和政体之间的对立,正是这一对立使我们注意到,宽和政体有可能是通往《论法的精神》第二编的线索。宽和政体中所传达的权力制约的观念,预示了第二编中三权分立的政体形式的出现。
[Abstract]:For a long time, the discourse on autocracy in the first part of "on the Spirit of Law" has been regarded as an objective description of Montesquieu's political form of eastern society, but many researchers have not realized it. The discussion of autocracy has become the starting point of Montesquieu's construction of the new polity theory. In fact, the discourse on autocracy highlights Montesquieu's distinct position of value. In Montesquieu's description, autocracy is an inherently illegitimate regime, and there are similarities between his discourse on autocracy and Hobbes' natural state. In the first part of "on the Spirit of the Law", Montesquieu repeatedly mentions the opposites between autocracy and leniency and polity, which makes us notice that leniency and polity may be the clues leading to the second part of the Spirit of the Law. The concept of power restriction conveyed in leniency indicates the emergence of the form of separation of powers in part two.
【作者单位】：华东政法大学科学研究院;
【基金】：上海市哲学与社会科学规划青年课题“权利与共同体——德国古典法哲学关于法权概念的哲学证明”(2015EFX002)
【分类号】：D909.2

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