哈贝马斯协商民主理论下国家公权力的限制

发布时间：2018-04-29 12:40

本文选题：哈贝马斯协商民主理论 + 公权力　；参考：《广州大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：公权力被认为是最容易侵犯人权的工具,理论普遍认为公权力是必须被制约的,而且现代大多数国家都是通过宪法来达到这一目的。我国宪法也对公权力作了一些规定,但这些规定显然不足以达到规范公权力的目的,以至于近年来公权力被滥用的现象频频发生。公权力是必须被警惕的,为了更好地限制公权力必须大力发展和完善我国的民主制度,改革创新民主的形式,让人民真正实现当家作主。作为当代西方民主理论的最新发展,协商民主理论尤其是哈贝马斯的协商民主理论,对保证公民自治和真正民主的实现有重要的指导意义。哈贝马斯的协商民主理论包括两个方面的内容:首先协商民主是一种程序,这种程序最大的特征是它的协商性。这种协商的目的是实现偏好的改变而不是偏好的聚合,从而合理地推动意见达到一致。只有通过这种协商的程序才能产生合法和合理的结果。哈贝马斯的协商民主理论主要是通过其特殊的民主程序对公权力进行制约。公民广泛享有政治参与权和交往权,对所有具有公共利益的事务进行政治交往,在此过程中形成政治意志进而寻求立法的目标,通过法律来保护他们相互承认的权利或者控制国家权力。哈贝马斯的协商民主理论对公权力的限制作用必须最终在宪法上得到体现。通过宪法规定协商民主为政治生活的基本方式、保障公民的自主性及规范公共领域来落实对公权力的制约,最终实现人权的保障。
[Abstract]:Public power is regarded as the most vulnerable tool to violate human rights. The theory generally holds that public power must be restricted, and most modern countries use constitution to achieve this goal. The constitution of our country has also made some provisions on public power, but these provisions are obviously not enough to achieve the purpose of standardizing public power, so that the abuse of public power has occurred frequently in recent years. In order to restrict public power, we must vigorously develop and perfect our democratic system, reform and innovate the form of democracy, so that the people can truly become masters of their own country. As the latest development of contemporary western democratic theory, the theory of deliberative democracy, especially Habermas's theory of deliberative democracy, has important guiding significance for guaranteeing citizen autonomy and the realization of real democracy. Habermas' theory of deliberative democracy includes two aspects: firstly, deliberative democracy is a procedure, the most characteristic of which is its negotiability. The purpose of this negotiation is to achieve the change of preference rather than the convergence of preferences, so as to reasonably promote consensus. Only through such a consultative process can legitimate and reasonable results be achieved. Habermas's theory of deliberative democracy mainly restricts public power through its special democratic procedure. Citizens widely enjoy the right of political participation and the right of communication, and conduct political exchanges on all matters of public interest. In this process, political will is formed and the goal of legislation is sought. The law protects their rights to each other or controls the power of the state. Habermas's theory of deliberative democracy must finally be embodied in the constitution. The constitution stipulates that deliberative democracy is the basic way of political life, ensuring the autonomy of citizens and standardizing the public sphere to implement the restriction of public power, and finally realize the protection of human rights.
【学位授予单位】：广州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D909.1

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