中国古代家族司法及其功能分析

发布时间：2018-04-29 14:49

本文选题：家族司法 + 社会功能　；参考：《烟台大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：司法是一种解决社会纠纷的社会活动，中国传统司法作为一种类型得以成立是被视为功能意义上的司法。家族司法，作为古代一种特殊的司法制度，是国家司法的有效补充。这种国家的非正式制度，实质就是依据族长以及以族长为首的宗族机构的权威，对本宗族成员适用家法族规的一种法律活动。家族司法的依据是家法族规，包括宗族成文法和宗族习惯法。它的范围包括个人行为、家庭事务、宗族事务以及其他一些相关的事务，运行具体包括鸣告、裁断、执行三个阶段。任何事物的存在都是有其产生的客观原因，家族司法的出现亦有其必然性。家国同构的政治结构是其产生的社会条件和土壤，国家司法的空缺乏力为促使其产生提供了空隙，家族内部秩序和地位的维护为其产生提供了发展空间。而事物得以长期存在是因其发挥了重要的社会价值，否则将会被历史淘汰。家族司法不仅可以使家族兴盛发达，从而维护基层社会秩序，而且可以降低国家司法成本，从而弥补国家司法的不足。家族司法与国家司法最主要的区别是它们的适用范围，它们之间存在着一种此消彼长的互动关系。它们首先是相互协调的，家族司法的依据家法族规的制订是以国家立法为蓝本，家族司法的运行是国家司法的一种前置程序，而其存在是经过国家认可获得了合法效力。其次它们之间是相互冲突的，家族司法处理的是宗族内部矛盾，适用的规则更加具体，处罚的力度相对于国家司法较小，与国家法存在着明显的背离；国家对家族司法长期加以提倡，，只有在家族司法的内容涉及威胁统治时才对其加以否定。
[Abstract]:Justice is a kind of social activity to solve social disputes. Chinese traditional judicature, as a kind of type, is regarded as judicial in the sense of function. Family justice, as a special judicial system in ancient times, is an effective supplement to national justice. The informal system of this kind of country, in essence, is a kind of legal activity that applies the laws and regulations to the members of the clan according to the authority of the patriarch and the clan organization headed by the patriarch. Family justice is based on family laws, including clan statute law and clan customary law. Its scope includes personal behavior, family affairs, clan affairs and other related matters. The existence of everything has its objective reasons, and the emergence of family justice has its inevitability. The political structure of homogeneity is the social condition and soil of its emergence. The lack of national justice provides a gap for its emergence, and the maintenance of the family's internal order and status provides the space for its development. The long-term existence of things is because they play an important social value, otherwise they will be eliminated by history. Family justice can not only make the family prosperous and developed, thus maintain the social order at the grass-roots level, but also reduce the national judicial cost and make up for the insufficiency of the national justice. The most important difference between family justice and national justice is their scope of application, and there is a mutual relationship between them. First of all, they are coordinated with each other. The establishment of family justice is based on the national legislation, and the operation of family justice is a kind of pre-procedure of national justice, and its existence obtains the legal effect through the approval of the state. Secondly, they are in conflict with each other, the family judicature deals with the contradiction within the clan, the applicable rules are more specific, the punishment is less than the national judicature, and there is obvious deviation from the national law. The state advocates the family justice for a long time and denies it only when the content of the family justice involves threatening the rule.
【学位授予单位】：烟台大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D929;D926

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