论现代国家和宪法上的“人”——良心自由、“人的尊严”与现代宪法

发布时间：2018-06-03 01:04

本文选题：良心自由 + 思想自由　；参考：《学术交流》2017年07期

【摘要】："人的尊严"是现代宪法的最高价值,是对"现代人"形象的宪法肯认。由于它主要表现为一些外在的个人权利,因此现代人相应地也就主要表现为"政治人"和"经济人"。不过,从宪制发生学的角度来说,现代人的这两个外在的面相,是和他的第三个面相——内在的"道德人"形象——紧密关联的,后者甚至对前两者的产生和实现具有根本的意义。"人的尊严"起源于西欧宗教改革之后出现的"良心自由"以及随之而来的人的自由意志和道德主体性。现代国家分享着同样的现代性源泉和价值根基,无论特定的宪法选择如何具体表述。英美传统中最早出现了与"人的尊严"具有同构性的思想观念和制度实践,康德后来所提供的只是一种世俗版本的理论总结。通过对消极自由和限权的强调,英美政制为"人的尊严"的实现提供了最具操作性的范本。
[Abstract]:Human dignity is the highest value of the modern constitution and a constitutional recognition of the image of modern man. Because it is mainly manifested as some external individual rights, modern people accordingly mainly manifest themselves as "political man" and "economic man". However, from the perspective of constitutional genesis, these two external faces of modern people are closely related to his third facade, the inner image of "moral man". The latter is even of fundamental significance to the production and realization of the former two. " Human dignity "originates from the freedom of conscience after the religious reform in Western Europe and the human's free will and moral subjectivity." Modern countries share the same source of modernity and roots of value, no matter how specific constitutional choices are expressed. In the tradition of Anglo-American, the idea and system practice with the same structure as "Human Dignity" first appeared. Kant provided only a kind of secular version of the theory summary. By emphasizing negative freedom and restriction of power, the British and American political system provides the most operable model for the realization of human dignity.
【作者单位】：郑州大学法学院;
【基金】：国家社会科学基金重点项目“依宪治国重大理论和实践问题研究”(15AFX007)
【分类号】：D90-052

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