学说作为法律渊源之研究

发布时间：2018-06-16 04:12

本文选题：学说 + 法教义学　；参考：《山东大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：在各国法治发展进程中,学说曾作为重要的组成部分,对推动法律的良性发展发挥了重要作用。学说作为法律渊源,无论在古代社会,还是在现今法治语境下都占有一定的位置。在当今中国社会主义法治国家的大背景下、在司法审判所依据的规范性文件日益完善的情况下,学说能否成为司法过程中的法律渊源之一,是本文所要讨论的问题。本文通过对学说法源的历史、在当今中国的表现形式的描述,肯定了学说的法律渊源地位,并对学说法源的功能和司法适用进行了探讨。本文分为七个部分:法律渊源的内涵是首先需要讨论的内容。不同正式法律渊源形式,非正式法律渊源是指所有的能够对客观权利产生影响的因素。基于此,本文通过对一份引起争议的判决书的探讨,进而讨论学说能否作为司法裁判中的非正式法律渊源。学说内涵的界定对于本文来说是立论的基础;从司法实践的角度讲,学说是指职业法律人(法学学者、法官、律师等)对现行有效的实在法进行系统性的、分析性的和评价性的解读;将其与法教义学、法理论两个相近概念进行比较,由此明确对学说的认识。这对于本文的讨论是有意义的。在古代中国和西方,学说都曾经被广泛作为裁判依据使用,甚至在法律还不完善的时期,学说就是法律、具有和法律相同的效力。在现今社会,无论是在大陆法系还是英美法系国家,学说都作为法律体系的组成部分而在司法审判过程中被引用。这表明,在现代社会的司法实践中,学说是不可忽视的组成部分。在中国特色社会主义法律体系已经形成的背景下,学者们对法学教育弊端改革的迫切希望是学说法源产生的内在动因;而学说产生的外在原因则是裁判者在现行法体系下追求更为实质正义的诉求;在当今中国法治语境下,学说法源主要表现为法学学者在其著作、文章中持有并论证过的学术观点,以及指导性案例中对法律规范或者法律规范中的术语进行解释的语句。学说法源在司法审判中的作用体现在:有助于对司法判决的证成;有助于减轻法官负担;有助于抵抗法外压力;有助于揭示法律的内在意义,有助于司法正义的实现。学说法源的司法适用是本文研究的最重要问题。适用学说法源的场合是:当法体系存在法律模糊、法律冲突或法律漏洞时,法官就可以适用学说法源。学说法源的司法适用以对法教义学体系的把握为前提,其具体适用方式包括两种情形:直接引用学说论点的情形;理由与观点都引用的情形。通过法律学说,法律条文的释义以更加清晰的、更具有实用性的方式作用于司法裁判;通过学说体系,法律体系被解读为一个有意义关联的、有正确性保障的规范体系。在具体的法律适用中,引用学说来论证具体的法律判决,这不仅能增加司法裁判的说服力,也对学说顺应社会发展具有重要意义。学说在法学教育和司法裁判中的运用,是推广法教义学的重要条件之一,也是法体系化的必要条件。
[Abstract]:In the process of the development of the rule of law in all countries, the theory has played an important part in promoting the sound development of the law. As a source of law, the doctrine holds a certain position in the ancient society and in the present context of the rule of law. Under the background of the state of the rule of law in Chinese society, the judicial trial is under the background of the modern Chinese society. Under the condition that the normative documents are becoming more and more perfect, whether the theory can become one of the legal sources in the judicial process is a question to be discussed in this article. This article affirms the legal origin status of the theory through the history of the source of the theory and the description of the forms of expression in today's China, and has carried out the function of the source of the doctrine and the judicial application. This article is divided into seven parts: the connotation of the origin of the law is the first to be discussed. The different sources of legal origin and the informal source of law refer to all the factors that can affect the objective rights. Based on this, this article discusses whether the doctrine can be used as a judicial discretion by discussing a controversial judgment. The informal legal origin of the sentence. The definition of the connotation of the doctrine is the basis for this article. From the perspective of judicial practice, the theory refers to the systematic, analytical and appraised interpretation of the current effective practical law by the professional legal man (legal scholar, judge, lawyer, etc.); it is two similar to the jurisprudence of law and the theory of law. In ancient China and the west, the theory was used widely as a referee, even in a time when the law was not perfect, and the doctrine was the law, with the same effect as the law. In today's society, both in civil law and in the civil law system. The theories of the Anglo American law system are quoted in the judicial process as part of the legal system. This shows that the theory is an integral part of the judicial practice in modern society. In the background of the formation of the legal system of socialism with Chinese characteristics, the urgent hope for the reform of legal education is the urgent hope of the scholars. The internal cause of the origin of the theory is the origin of the doctrine; the external cause of the theory is the pursuit of more substantive justice by the referee in the current legal system; in the context of the rule of law in China today, the source of the doctrine is mainly manifested by the academic views held and demonstrated by the legal scholars in their writings, in the articles, and in the legal norms in the guiding cases. The role of the term in the legal norms is explained. The role of the source of the doctrine in the judicial trial is reflected in: helping to justify the judicial judgment; helping to reduce the burden of the judge; helping to resist the pressure outside the law; helping to reveal the intrinsic meaning of the law and helping the realization of judicial justice. The judicial application of the source of the doctrine is the research of this article. The most important question is to apply the source of the doctrine: when the legal system exists in the legal system, the conflict of law or the loophole of the law, the judge can apply the source of the doctrine. The judicial application of the source of the doctrine is precondition for the grasp of the system of legal doctrines, and its specific application includes two cases: the case of direct reference to the argument of the doctrine; the reasons for it; The case which is cited with the point of view. Through the doctrine of law, the interpretation of the provisions of the law works in a clearer and more practical way to the judiciary; through the theory system, the legal system is interpreted as a meaningful association with a correct guarantee. In the application of the legal system, the theory is used to demonstrate the specific law. The law judgment not only increases the persuasion of the judiciary, but also is of great significance to the social development of the doctrine. The application of the doctrine in the law education and judicial referee is one of the important conditions for the teaching of the extension law and the necessary condition for the systematization of the law.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D901

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