论当代中国法学研究中的阶级分析方法

发布时间：2018-06-16 04:25

本文选题：阶级 + 阶层　；参考：《吉林大学》2011年博士论文

【摘要】：阶级分析方法是我们所熟悉的一种认识方法和研究工具,这一方法被广泛使用于包括法学在内的人文社会科学的诸多领域。运用这一方法将对社会现象的观察与思考与人的群体性存在方式——阶级的存在联系起来,以阶级存在的内在动因——阶级利益和外在表征——阶级行动为研究路径对社会现象加以阐释,以阶级存在的多维性对社会生活和社会现象的丰富性、多样性加以解析。但是,阶级利益的冲突性和阶级行动的斗争性使阶级存在的空间范围被限制在经济领域,使阶级关系的呈现被局限于阶级斗争的维度之中,由此,阶级分析方法蜕变成研究阶级斗争的方法。而这种认识误区反映在当代中国法学研究中,直接导致阶级分析方法的教条化、标签化和政治意识形态化,并据此形成了法学研究中的“阶级斗争范式”。而这种研究和认识的直接结果使阶级分析方法在建国初期的法学研究中只局限于简单的对阶级对抗和阶级斗争的分析,只局限于单一的政治意识形态分析和纯粹的“政治理想”分析。这种分析视角和研究路径不仅使法学研究严重脱离社会生活实践而成为政治的附庸和依从,也使该方法对社会阶级本身存在的多维性、丰富性的研究和认知被极大遮蔽,从而逐渐丧失其解释力乃至生命力。改革开放以来,社会生活的巨大变化为中国法学的观念更新、价值转换和制度再造提供了机遇和挑战,而法学阶级分析方法也应顺应时代变革的呼声和法学发展的要求,由简单的“阶级”对抗和阶级斗争转向复杂的“阶层”差异与合作的分析,由单一的“政治意识形态”分析转向综合的“社会”分析,由纯粹的“理想”分析转向现实的“利益”分析,由片面的“权力”分析转向包含权力在内的全面的“权利”分析并与其他方法的紧密结合。而经历了上述视角转换和主题变奏的阶级分析方法在法学研究的具体适用中还必须注重法学研究对象的现实复杂性、注重阶级分析中定性分析和定量分析的结合,注重阶级分析中描述方法与比较方法的结合并同时保持阶级分析方法的开放性。只有如此,阶级分析方法在法学场域中才能重新焕发其解释力、说服力和生命力。本文正式基于这样的思考,以“当代中国法学研究中的阶级分析方法”为题,通过对新中国成立以来当代中国法学研究在运用阶级方法时所呈现处的基本状态、基本特点、理论优劣的全面把握,从而形成对该方法的学术史的检视、学术史的反思和学术史的前瞻。本文共分为五章。在第一章“阶级与阶级分析方法”中,本章综合运用历史考察的方法和文献梳理的方法综合利用多种理论资源多维度、多视角的解释“阶级”概念,明确个体所属的“阶级”在现实层面上不仅由经济地位所决定,而且在基础上还衍生出相应的心理意识、伦理观念、社会地位、政治主张等多个方面,因此,阶级存在于社会空间的多重领域中。通过对“阶级”概念的多方位解析,进一步明确“阶级分析方法”的科学涵义。在第二章“社会科学研究中的阶级分析方法”中,本章确立了“社会科学研究离不开阶级分析方法”和“阶级分析方法对社会科学研究的助益”两个基本公理,通过充分详实的论证确立了阶级分析方法对社会科学研究的价值和意义。在第三章“当代中国法学研究中阶级分析方法的学术史检视”中,本章对自20世纪初期发展至今当代中国法学研究中阶级分析方法进行历史梳理,梳理的同时采用比较的方法,根据历史发展的不同时期将整个学术史划分为三个阶段并描述不同阶段的基本特征,从而力求全面对阶级分析方法的应用的历史脉络进行清晰的描述,而重点则关注于新中国法学这60年发展历程中的阶级分析,并深入总结六十年的法学研究中阶级分析方法的使用过程如何被逐渐教条化、标签化和政治意识形态化,并形成了法学研究中的“阶级斗争范式”。在第四章“法学阶级分析方法的现实主题转向”中,本章中运用描述的方法和比较的方法对六十年中国法学研究中阶级分析方法在宏观应用中所出现的转变利用相对应的范畴将这种变化描述出来,从而既将阶级分析方法的历史发展过程展现出来,同时又暗示了阶级分析方法的未来走向。在第五章“法学阶级分析方法的科学应用”中,本章在上面几章的基础上,将重点放在阶级分析方法的具体使用步骤和使用方法上,使法学阶级分析方法对法律现象的观察和认识要注意多个方面、多重因素,而力求摆脱这一方法的僵化和教条化,从而正确发挥这一方法对法及法律的科学认识。
[Abstract]:The method of class analysis is a familiar way of understanding and research tools that we are familiar with. This method is widely used in many fields of Humanities and Social Sciences, including law. The use of this method will link the observation and thinking of social phenomena to the existence of a group of human beings - the existence of a class. The motivation - class interests and external representations - class action is interpreted as the research path, and the diversity of social life and social phenomena is analyzed with the multidimensional nature of class existence. However, the conflict of class interests and the fighting nature of class action restrict the space scope of class existence. In the field of Franciscan, the presentation of class relations was confined to the dimension of class struggle, thus the method of class analysis transformed into a method of studying class struggle. This misunderstanding was reflected in the study of contemporary Chinese jurisprudence, which directly led to the dogmatism of class analysis methods, labelling and political ideologies, and thus formed a legal research. The direct result of this kind of research and understanding makes the method of class analysis limited to a simple analysis of class confrontation and class struggle in the early days of the founding of the people's Republic of China. It is limited to a single political ideology analysis and a pure "political ideal" analysis. The path not only makes the legal research seriously divorced from the social life practice but also becomes the political appendage and compliance, but also makes the method multidimensional to the social class itself, the rich research and cognition is greatly obscured, and thus gradually loses its explanatory power and even vitality. Since the reform and opening up, the great change of social life is Chinese law The renewal of ideas, the transformation of value and the reengineering of the system provide opportunities and challenges, and the method of legal class analysis should also conform to the voice of the times and the requirements of the development of law. The analysis of the complex "class" differences and cooperation should be turned from the simple "class" confrontation and class struggle to the complex "stratum", and the analysis of the single "political ideology" is turned to a comprehensive analysis. The analysis of "society", from a purely "ideal" analysis to the "interest" analysis of reality, has shifted from a one-sided "power" analysis to a comprehensive "right" analysis including power and a close combination with other methods. In the application, we must pay more attention to the practical complexity of the object of law research, pay attention to the combination of qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis in class analysis, pay attention to the combination of the description method and the comparative method in class analysis and keep the openness of the class analysis method at the same time. Only in this way can the class analysis method be re interpreted in the jurisprudential field. On the basis of this kind of thinking, this article is based on the "class analysis method in the contemporary Chinese law research", and through the comprehensive grasp of the basic state, the basic characteristics and the theory and the pros and cons of the contemporary Chinese law research in the application of class method since the founding of new China, thus forms the method. The review of academic history, the reflection of academic history and the foresight of academic history.
This article is divided into five chapters.
In the first chapter, "the method of class and class analysis", this chapter comprehensively uses the methods of historical investigation and the method of literature to make a comprehensive use of multiple theoretical resources to explain the concept of "class" in multiple perspectives. It is clear that the "class" belonging to the individual is determined not only by economic status but also on the basis of its economic status. There are many aspects of psychological consciousness, ethics, social status, political opinion and so on. Therefore, class exists in the multiple fields of social space. By analyzing the concept of "class" in many directions, the scientific meaning of "class analysis method" is further clarified.
In the second chapter "in the social scientific research method of class analysis", this chapter established the "social science research cannot do without the class analysis of two basic axiomatic method" and "class analysis methods on social science research benefit", by fully detailed argument establishes the value and significance of class analysis method of Social Science study.
In the third chapter, "the study of the academic history of the method of class analysis in Contemporary Chinese jurisprudence", this chapter deals with the history of class analysis in the study of contemporary Chinese jurisprudence since the early twentieth Century, and combs the method of comparison, and divides the whole academic history into three stages according to the different period of historical development. The basic characteristics of different stages are described, so as to make a clear description of the historical context of the application of class analysis methods, while the emphasis is on the class analysis in the course of the 60 year development of new China law, and a thorough summary of how the process of the use of class analysis methods in the sixty years of legal research has been gradually dogmatism. Sign and political ideology, and formed a "class struggle paradigm" in legal research.
In the fourth chapter, "the realistic theme of the method of law class analysis", this chapter uses the method of description and the method of comparison to describe the change of the class analysis method in the macro application of the sixty year Chinese law study in the macro application, so that the historical development of the class analysis method is not only developed. The process reveals and suggests the future trend of class analysis.
In the fifth chapter, "the scientific application of the method of law class analysis", on the basis of the above chapters, this chapter focuses on the concrete steps and methods of use of the method of class analysis, so that the law class analysis method should pay attention to many aspects and multiple factors on the observation and understanding of the legal phenomenon, and strive to get rid of the rigidity of this method. And dogmatism, so that this method can correctly play a scientific understanding of law and law.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D90

【引证文献】