美国《1958年国防教育法》制定过程的历史透析

发布时间：2018-06-16 07:32

本文选题：《1958年国防教育法》 + 制定过程　；参考：《华东师范大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：美国《1958年国防教育法》是20世纪美国教育史上具有里程碑意义的一部法案,学者们对其研究多集中在法案产生的背景和原因、实施效果等方面,对法案的制定过程缺少深入研究。本研究系统梳理了美国《1958年国防教育法》的制定过程的细节,试图全景式呈现该法案制定全过程,进而管窥美国教育法律制定过程的一般程序。同时,通过分析在该法案制定过程中反映出来的现象,尝试得出一些结论,能为我国今后在制定教育法律时提供一定的借鉴。本研究分为以下五个部分：第一部分交代了本研究的选题缘由、意义,界定了研究对象和范围,梳理了国内外有关该法案的研究现状,提出了研究方法和创新之处。第二部分主要介绍该法案的形成原因和促使美国国会制定该法案的催化剂。美国教育水平低下的现状是形成该法案的原因,苏联人造卫星发射成功则是美国制定该法案的催化剂。第三部分详细描述该法案的制定全过程。本部分主要呈现从美国总统致函国会建议制定该法；该法案草案在国会两院的几经修订；两院议员在国会发表的演说、辩论和争论；到两院如何解决分歧并最终通过该法案的全过程。第四部分主要对该法案制定过程反应出的现象进行教育反思。通过对该法制定过程的研究,反思在此过程中反映出的美国教育权的联邦与地方之争、追求教育卓越与教育公平的矛盾、美国教育组织和公民如何对该法案产生影响等现象。第五部分尝试得出一些结论性的观点。该法的制定过程折射出美国联邦政府教育权扩大和地方教育权缩小的现实；美国在追求教育卓越的同时不忘教育公平的努力；美国各类组织和公民个人勇于表达教育诉求,行使自己教育权的做法。
[Abstract]:The 1958 National Defense Education Act of the United States is a landmark law in the history of American education in the 20th century. There is a lack of in-depth research into the process of making the bill. This study systematically combs the details of the formulation process of the 1958 National Defense Education Act in the United States, and attempts to present the whole process of the enactment of the Act in a panoramic way, and then to peep into the general process of the American educational law making process. At the same time, through the analysis of the phenomenon reflected in the process of making the bill, we try to draw some conclusions, which can be used for reference when our country formulates the education law in the future. This research is divided into the following five parts: the first part explains the reason and significance of this research, defines the research object and scope, combs the domestic and foreign research status of the bill, and puts forward the research methods and innovations. The second part mainly introduces the reasons for the formation of the bill and the catalyst that prompted Congress to enact the bill. The low level of education in the United States was the reason for the Act, and the successful launch of the Soviet satellite was the catalyst for the enactment of the Act. The third part describes the whole process of making the bill in detail. This part mainly presents a letter from the President of the United States to Congress to recommend the enactment of the Act; the draft bill has been amended several times in both houses of Congress; the speeches, debates and debates made by members of both houses in Congress; The whole process of how both houses resolve their differences and finally pass the bill. The fourth part mainly reflects on the phenomenon reflected in the process of making the bill. Through the study of the process of making the law, this paper reflects on the conflicts between the federal and local governments of the right to education in the United States, the contradiction between the pursuit of educational excellence and the fairness of education, and the influence of American educational organizations and citizens on the Act. The fifth part tries to draw some conclusions. The enactment process of the law reflects the reality of the expansion of the federal government's right to education and the narrowing of the local right to education; the efforts of the United States to pursue educational excellence while not forgetting its educational fairness; and the courage of various organizations and individual citizens in the United States to express their educational demands. Exercise of one's right to education.
【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D971.2

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