美国“叛逃者项目”研究（1951-1960）

发布时间：2018-06-17 10:22

本文选题：冷战 + 心理战　；参考：《东北师范大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：冷战时期，为了实现美国的国家目标，同时避免卷入与苏联的战争，美国政府大量使用了心理战的手段。美国政府希望利用心理战来削弱社会主义国家的力量和影响力，增强非共产主义政权和各国民众的亲美倾向。为了煽动民众叛逃以向共产主义政权施压，也为了利用叛逃者增强美国的反共宣传和情报搜集等行动，同时让社会主义国家流失有用的人才，在相关的国家安全政策的指导下，杜鲁门政府设计出“叛逃者项目”，并付诸实施。艾森豪威尔总统上台后，，继承并发展了“叛逃者项目”。长期以来，“叛逃者项目”被美国政府粉饰为援助来自苏联和东欧国家难民的人道主义项目。本文利用美国政府的大量原始解密档案并借鉴相关的研究成果，追溯从杜鲁门政府到艾森豪威尔政府时期“叛逃者项目”的发展轨迹，重点分析项目的决策过程和主要内容、项目的具体实施、项目实施的效果与后果等，最终揭示出“叛逃者项目”是美国政府旨在策反和利用社会主义国家民众的反共心理战项目。为了解析“叛逃者项目”的实质，全文主要分为四个部分：第一部分简要介绍了冷战初期杜鲁门政府认识到苏东国家叛逃者重要价值的过程。第二部分重点探讨了在第86号国家安全委员会文件的指导下，杜鲁门政府如何设计出“叛逃者项目”，“叛逃者项目”的主要内容是什么，又是如何付诸实施的。第三部分主要分析了在艾森豪威尔政府时期，“叛逃者项目”经历了怎样的发展变化。结语部分重点评价了“叛逃者项目”的效果和收效的原因，分析项目给美国政府带来的麻烦，也将关注叛逃者在整个过程中的遭遇。
[Abstract]:During the Cold War, in order to achieve the national goals of the United States and avoid involvement in the war with the Soviet Union, the American government used psychological warfare extensively. The U.S. government hopes to use psychological warfare to weaken the strength and influence of socialist countries and strengthen the pro-American tendencies of non-communist regimes and the people of other countries. In order to incite the public to defect to put pressure on the communist regime, to use defectors to enhance anti-Communist propaganda and intelligence gathering in the United States, and to drain useful talent from socialist countries, under the guidance of relevant national security policies, The Truman government designed the defectors Project and put it into practice. When President Eisenhower came to power, he inherited and developed the defector Project. The defector program has long been disguised by the U.S. government as a humanitarian program for refugees from the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe. Based on a large number of original declassified files and related research results of the US government, this paper traces the development of the defector Project from the Truman Government to the Eisenhower Administration, and focuses on the analysis of the decision-making process and the main contents of the project. The concrete implementation of the project, the effect and the consequence of the project finally reveal that the defectors Project is an anti-communist psychological war project of the United States government which aims to counter and utilize the people of socialist countries. In order to analyze the essence of "defector Project", the thesis is divided into four parts: the first part briefly introduces the process of Truman government realizing the important value of defectors in the early Cold War. The second part mainly discusses how Truman government designed "defector project" and "defector project" under the guidance of National Security Committee document No. 86, and how to put it into practice. The third part mainly analyzes how the defector Project experienced during the Eisenhower Administration. The conclusion focuses on the evaluation of the effect of the "defector Project" and the reasons for the result, analyzes the troubles brought by the project to the U.S. government, and also focuses on the plight of the defector in the whole process.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：K712;D971.2

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