中美产品召回法律制度比较研究

发布时间：2018-06-21 01:20

本文选题：产品缺陷 + 产品召回　；参考：《河北经贸大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：产品召回制度是随着商品经济的发展、科学技术的进步和对消费者利益保护的重视逐步发展起来的,它是现代市场法制进步的重要标志。产品召回制度是建立在对人的生命和财产更加尊重、对人权愈加重视的理念之上的,体现了对消费者权益进行保护的立法倾斜,是尊重人权、保护人权在经济关系中的具体表现。美国是世界上第一个确立产品召回制度的国家,该制度的确立始于对缺陷汽车产品的召回。目前,美国是当今世界上产品召回制度发展最迅速、最完备、最具代表性的国家,其立法与司法实践对西方一些发达国家的产品召回制度立法具有较大的影响。我国加入WTO后,国际贸易往来增多,外国商品大量进入中国市场,有关进口货物的投诉和纠纷逐渐多了起来,消费者将厂家和经销商告上法庭的案例屡屡见诸报端。而我国消费者在面对国外产品缺陷问题时,相比欧美国家的消费者来说往往得不到公平的待遇。究其原因,是我国缺少完善的产品召回制度。目前,我国对产品召回制度的认识和立法均处于初级阶段。而经过几十年的探索与实践,美国在产品召回方面的法律体系和管理制度已经相当的健全和完备,本文正是在这种背景下,通过对中美产品召回法律制度的比较研究,进一步完善我国的产品召回制度。本文除了引言和结论外共分为三部分。先对产品召回制度的相关概念、理论基础和与其他制度的区别等基本问题进行论述,并对中美产品召回制度的若干法律问题进行比较分析,然后对我国产品召回制度的不足和必要性进行探讨,借鉴美国先进的立法经验,提出我国对产品召回法律制度的完善措施。第一部分,产品召回制度概述。本章首先对产品缺陷和产品召回的涵义进行了界定,然后从法哲学与经济学方面对产品召回制度的理论基础进行了较深入的剖析,最后,将产品召回制度与商品的“三包”制度、强制回收制度进行了比较,更加详细地了解产品召回制度。第二部分,中美产品召回制度的比较。本章介绍了中美产品召回制度的立法现状和价值理念,对比两国在立法上的差异,揭示了产品召回制度深层次的立法理念。同时,对比了中美两国产品召回制度中关于主体、召回对象、召回方式、法律责任等问题的不同内容。第三部分,我国产品召回制度的完善。首先在我国现行法律法规的基础上分析我国产品召回法律制度中存在的问题,然后对产品召回制度的必要性进行了详细地剖析,进而借鉴美国先进的产品召回立法经验,分别从完善我国现有法律法规、制定专门的产品召回法及完善产品召回制度配套机制三方面做出详细阐述,力图完善我国的产品召回法律制度。
[Abstract]:With the development of commodity economy, the progress of science and technology and the attention paid to the protection of consumers' interests, the system of product recall has been developed step by step. It is an important symbol of the progress of legal system in modern market. The product recall system is based on the concept of more respect for human life and property and more attention to human rights. It reflects the legislative inclination to protect the rights and interests of consumers and respects human rights. The concrete manifestation of protecting human rights in economic relations. The United States is the first country in the world to establish a product recall system, the establishment of which begins with the recall of defective automobile products. At present, the United States is the world's most rapid development of product recall system, the most complete, the most representative of the country, its legislation and judicial practice of some developed countries in the West has a greater impact on the legislation of product recall system. After China's entry into WTO, international trade has increased, foreign goods have entered the Chinese market in large quantities, complaints and disputes about imported goods have gradually increased, and the cases of consumers taking manufacturers and dealers to court are frequently reported. In the face of foreign product defects, Chinese consumers are often not treated fairly compared with those in Europe and the United States. The reason is that our country lacks the perfect product recall system. At present, the understanding and legislation of product recall system in our country are in the primary stage. However, after decades of exploration and practice, the legal system and management system of product recall in the United States has been quite sound and complete. This paper, in this context, through the comparative study of the legal system of product recall between China and the United States, Further improve China's product recall system. In addition to the introduction and conclusions, this paper is divided into three parts. First of all, the related concepts, theoretical basis and the differences between the product recall system and other systems are discussed, and some legal issues of the product recall system in China and the United States are compared and analyzed. Then it discusses the deficiency and necessity of the product recall system in our country, and draws lessons from the advanced legislative experience of the United States, and puts forward some measures to perfect the legal system of product recall in our country. The first part is an overview of the product recall system. This chapter first defines the meaning of product defect and product recall, then analyzes the theoretical basis of product recall system from the aspects of legal philosophy and economics. This paper compares the product recall system with the "three guarantees" system and the compulsory recovery system to understand the product recall system in more detail. The second part, the comparison of product recall system between China and America. This chapter introduces the current legislative situation and the value concept of the product recall system in China and the United States, compares the legislative differences between the two countries, and reveals the deep-seated legislative ideas of the product recall system. At the same time, the different contents about the subject, recall object, recall method, legal liability and so on in the product recall system of China and the United States are compared. The third part, the consummation of the product recall system in our country. On the basis of the current laws and regulations of our country, the problems existing in the legal system of product recall in our country are analyzed, and then the necessity of the system of product recall is analyzed in detail, so as to draw lessons from the advanced legislative experience of product recall in the United States. From the aspects of perfecting the existing laws and regulations of our country, formulating the special product recall law and perfecting the supporting mechanism of the product recall system, the author tries to perfect the legal system of the product recall in our country.
【学位授予单位】：河北经贸大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D923.8;D971.2

【参考文献】