唐代“和离”制度及启示研究

发布时间：2018-06-24 19:11

本文选题：唐代 + 和离制度　；参考：《辽宁大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：唐代“和离”制度是指夫妻双方因为在感情中出现不能调和的分歧而协议解除婚姻状态的一种离婚制度,对于婚姻双方当事人是否选择离婚的决定是夫妻双方共同作出的,是双方两厢合意的结果,是对于生活现状不能继续和睦下去而自愿作出的选择,不存在强迫的意志,也不允许单方面作出决定从而强加给对方。所谓“和离”也就是指通过协议作出离婚的决定。而这种协议离婚的制度所依据的律文最早记载在《唐律疏议》之中:“如果夫妻在婚姻生活中不能够继续和睦相处,双方协议解除婚姻关系,这种情况并不需要承担法律责任。” “和离”制度这一律文正式入册出现在唐代,这一制度的出现在当时的唐代是婚姻法的创新,作为一种新的离婚形式,是前人婚姻生活经验的累积,是对唐代立法的新创举,也是对后世婚姻形态的先河性开拓。《唐律·户婚》对于离婚做了三种不同形式的定义,第一是“和离”,系出于男女自愿的协议离婚,也就是类似于当今社会的离婚制度;第二是“出妻”,是男方单方面作出休妻决定解除婚姻关系的制度,通常是作“七出”的规定,是对女方片面压制的封建制度;第三便是强制离婚,是指发生了国家法律强制解除婚姻的事由而强制解除婚姻形态。其中“和离”制度便是唐代社会生活中典型的离婚形式,涵盖了我国历史上法律体系的层层面面,本文谨依照传统礼教的各种规范立足于对现实问题的多方位考察,通过深入解析古今法制文化中的离婚形式来进一步研究唐代“和离”制度的历史创举所带来的特殊价值,而这种带有绝对中国文化色彩的法系意义中的进步对于传统离婚制度也是一种应有的补充。同时,我国古代起便是以礼治国,而在这种法治体系中家庭作为社会生活的基础单位,代表着婚姻对于整个社会的意义,本文中亦是从现实出发,通过引用唐代文献记载中的诸多案例以及“放妻书”这一具有典型代表性的实物典籍为基础,分析“和离”制度的现世性,从而进一步分析研究唐代“和离”制度的思想文化渊源以及时代背景,并总结其对当代婚姻制度制定实施过程中和谐发展的启示。本文通过分析唐代和离制度的思想根源,探讨和离制度在唐代的实施情况,并以唐代文献记载的案例和敦煌出土的七件放妻书为基础,分析和离的程序,研究和离制度形成的原因以及对唐代社会的影响,以期对当今婚姻法的制定实施以及社会的和谐发展有所启示。第一部分是重在分析唐代“和离”制度的思想渊源及其产生的时代背景,封建礼教下的婚姻观反映在了唐律律文的规定之中。第二部分主要以唐代文献记载的案例和敦煌出土的七件放妻书为基础研究唐代和离制度,分析和离案例与律文的差异以及差异存在的原因。通过细致分析每一篇唐代和离文书——放妻书的文字、结构等,研究放妻书的作用,探讨和离的程序以及和离制度之下唐代社会的离婚状况。第三部分重点从唐代“和离”制度的历史评价上去评议唐代“和离”制度本身的影响及地位,它不仅在唐代产生了创新性的影响,对于后世的实践意义也是可圈可点,无论从哪个角度来看,唐代的“和离”制度都有着历史和现世都不可忽略的价值意义。
[Abstract]:The "and the departure" system in the Tang Dynasty refers to a divorce system that the husband and wife agree to dissolve their marital status because of their disagreement in their feelings. Whether the decision of the parties to choose a divorce is the common result of the couple, is the result of the consensual two sides of the two sides, and can not continue to be in harmony with the present situation of life. Voluntarily, there is no forced will or a unilateral decision to be imposed on each other. The so-called "and away" means a decision to make a divorce through an agreement. The law on which the system of divorce is based is first recorded in the "Tang law": "if the husband and wife are not able to follow in their marriage life." It is a new form of marriage, which is a new form of divorce, the accumulation of the experience of the marriage and life of the predecessors, and the legislation of the Tang Dynasty. The new pioneering work is also a pioneering work on the form of later marriage. < Tang Law > household marriage > for divorce. Three different forms of divorce are defined. The first is "and divorced". It is a voluntary divorce between men and women, that is, the divorce system similar to today's society; the second is the "out of wife", which is the man's unilateral decision to divorce his wife and decide to terminate the marriage customs. The system, usually a rule of "seven out", is a feudal system that oppresses one woman unilaterally; the third is compulsory divorce, which refers to the compulsory dissolution of marriage in the state law, which is a typical form of divorce in the social life of the Tang Dynasty and covers the history of our country. In accordance with the various norms of the traditional etiquette, this article, based on the various norms of the traditional etiquette, is based on the multi-directional investigation of the practical problems. Through the in-depth analysis of the form of divorce in the ancient and modern legal culture, this paper further studies the special value brought by the historical creation of the "and the" system in the Tang Dynasty, and this kind of legal system with absolute Chinese cultural color. The progress in the traditional divorce system is also a supplement to the traditional divorce system. At the same time, in ancient China, the family is the basic unit of social life, which represents the significance of marriage to the whole society. In this article, this article also starts from the reality and quotes a lot of cases recorded in the Tang Dynasty. On the basis of the typical and representative books of real objects, this paper analyzes the present nature of the "and the divorcing" system, thus further analyzes and studies the ideological and cultural origins and the background of the Tang Dynasty, and summarizes its enlightenment to the harmonious development of the establishment and implementation of the contemporary marriage system. This article through the analysis of the Tang Dynasty And the ideological root of the system, and the implementation of the system in the Tang Dynasty, and based on the cases recorded in the Tang Dynasty and the seven books of Dunhuang unearthed, the analysis and departure procedures, the reasons for the formation of the system and the influence on the society of the Tang Dynasty, with a view to the formulation and implementation of the present marriage law and the harmonious development of the society. The first part is to analyze the ideological origin and the background of the Tang Dynasty's "and" system. The concept of marriage under the feudal ethics is reflected in the regulation of the law of the Tang Dynasty. The second part mainly studies the Tang Dynasty and the system on the basis of the seven pieces of wife books unearthed in Dunhuang. In the third part, the third part emphasizes the historical evaluation of the "harmony" system in the Tang Dynasty. On the influence and position of the Tang Dynasty, it not only has an innovative influence on the Tang Dynasty, but also has a remarkable significance for the practical significance of the later generations. From any point of view, the system of "and the departure" of the Tang Dynasty has the value value which can not be ignored in history and the present world.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D929

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