美国专利权穷竭制度及其借鉴

发布时间：2018-08-05 09:16

【摘要】：我国专利制度自建立以来,经过二十多年的发展已趋于完善,在完善专利立法、加强专利保护水平上取得了很大的成就；但真正完善的专利保护制度还应当包含对专利权的正当限制。与以美国为代表的专利保护发达国家相比,我国在专利权限制方面还需要做更多的努力。专利权穷竭制度作为对专利权进行限制的制度之一,由默示许可理论发展而来,在美国专利侵权抗辩中发挥着很重要的作用。专利权穷竭制度最早在美国通过判例确定下来,经过一百多年的发展,其内容出现了很多变化；2008年美国联邦最高法院对Quanta案的判决再次扩大了专利权穷竭制度的适用范围。美国专利权穷竭制度的发展历程及其内容对我国具有很好的借鉴意义：一方面,当前专利丛林现象非常严重,严重影响了企业的发展；另一方面,自从加入世界贸易组织以来,贸易壁垒已经由关税壁垒转变为知识产权壁垒,专利成为国外企业打压中国企业进出口贸易的一项有力措施。通过学习美国的做法,适当地扩大我国专利权穷竭制度的适用范围,可以完善我国的专利制度,有利于提高我国企业应对专利侵权诉讼的能力,从而保护我国企业的合法权益。在本文中,笔者将从介绍专利权的具体内容、专利权穷竭制度的发展历程和本质开始,运用案例分析法对美国专利权穷竭制度进行介绍,得出专利权穷竭适用范围扩张的条件是已售专利产品部件包含所穷竭专利的实质性技术特征并且没有其他非侵权用途,提出专利权穷竭与默示许可是美国专利侵权诉讼中既有联系又有区别的两种不同的抗辩事由,归纳出在美国售后限制条件可以排除专利权穷竭的适用条件,并结合我国立法司法实践总结我国专利权穷竭制度的适用条件及存在的问题提出立法建议。
[Abstract]:Since the establishment of the patent system in China, after more than 20 years of development, it has made great achievements in perfecting patent legislation and strengthening the level of patent protection. However, a truly perfect patent protection system should also contain legitimate restrictions on patent rights. Compared with the developed countries represented by the United States, China still needs to make more efforts in patent limitation. As one of the systems that restrict patent rights, the exhaustion of patent rights is developed from the theory of implied license and plays an important role in the defense of patent infringement in the United States. The patent exhaustion system was first established in the United States through the case law. After more than one hundred years of development, its content has changed a lot. In 2008, the United States Supreme Court's judgment on Quanta case once again expanded the scope of application of patent exhaustion system. The development course and contents of the patent exhaustion system in the United States have a good reference significance for our country: on the one hand, the phenomenon of patent jungle is very serious, which seriously affects the development of enterprises; on the other hand, since China's entry into the World Trade Organization, Trade barriers have changed from tariff barriers to intellectual property barriers, and patent has become a powerful measure to suppress the import and export trade of Chinese enterprises. By studying the practice of the United States and properly expanding the scope of application of the patent exhaustion system in China, the patent system of our country can be perfected, and the ability of Chinese enterprises to deal with patent infringement litigation can be improved, thus protecting the legitimate rights and interests of Chinese enterprises. In this paper, the author will introduce the specific content of patent right, the development course and essence of patent exhaustion system, and use case analysis to introduce the patent exhaustion system in the United States. It is concluded that the condition of expanding the scope of application of patent exhaustion is that the components of the sold patent product contain the substantive technical characteristics of the exhausted patent and have no other non-infringing uses. It is put forward that exhaustion of patent right and implied license are two kinds of different defenses in patent infringement litigation in the United States, and the applicable conditions of exhaustion of patent right can be eliminated under the condition of restriction after sale in the United States. Combined with our country's legislative and judicial practice, this paper summarizes the applicable conditions and existing problems of patent exhaustion system in our country.
【学位授予单位】：北京化工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D923.42;D971.2

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