犯罪与惩罚：柏拉图《法律篇》第九卷探微

发布时间：2018-11-06 21:12

【摘要】：《法律篇》第九卷的主题是犯罪与惩罚，本论文试图以第九卷作为切入点，不仅探讨柏拉图所规定的各种罪名和刑罚，而且深究它们所赖以为凭的思想根据。当诸类罪名与刑罚的表现形态得以呈现，思想基础得以展露，那么，将会洞察到柏拉图如何将人性、法律、城邦政体三者完美结合起来。在柏拉图看来,灵魂秩序的混乱是犯罪的根源，无人自愿为罪，犯罪是一种不幸，故惩罚之目的不再于报复，而是诊疗患病的灵魂，使人归善。高尚的灵魂造就正义的城邦，公民德性的培养，除了教化之外，还倚赖于法律对失范的行为进行规训与惩罚。故法律不是僵死的教条，而是根植于城邦政体与人性之中。政治与法律是天然的孪生兄妹，这是柏拉图给世人的教诲。全文有由引言、正文、参考文献三部分组成。其中正文分为六个章节。引言：主要交代本文的研究方法、写作目的、国内外研究的现状。本论文以贴近文本阅读的方式去理解柏拉图的犯罪与惩罚理论《写作目的有二一：是通过对柏拉图的犯罪与惩罚理论的研究，进而可管窥古人对法律的理解，为审视古今法律之异同做准备；二是从法律的视角来探究柏拉图写作《法律篇》的意图。第一章：包括两部分一：是介绍柏拉图与他的对话：二是分析柏拉图与《法律篇》,重点探讨《法律篇》、《理想国》、《政治家》三篇对话之间的关系。第二章：主要是研究文本。包括三方面内容一：是探析《法律篇》的主旨：诊疗衰落的希腊文明；二是重点讨论《法律篇》与第九卷关系；三是概述《法律篇》第九卷的内容。第三章：论述了柏拉图的犯罪与惩罚的基本理论’该部分相当于刑法的“总论”。讨论人犯罪之原因，无人自愿为罪，惩罚之目的，以及犯罪与惩罚的神义论。第四章：考析《法律篇》第九卷中诸类罪名和刑罚，相当于刑法的“分则”。分别对罪名和刑罚做出考察，并阐述制定罪名和刑罚的根据，包括政治、哲学、历史观念、文化等。第五章：重点分析渎神罪与神权政治的关系。考察渎神罪的神学基础，具体规定，以及渎神罪对建立神权政体的关系。结语：概述犯罪与惩罚的性质、基础，以及《法律篇》第九卷的主旨，进而揭示《法律篇》真正写作意图。本论文总体而言有三方面的创新点。首先，在选材上说，柏拉图的犯罪与惩罚理论，就笔者所收集的材料来看，法学界尚未有学者做专门研究，是一项空白的研究领域。其次，在研究内容上，除了探讨纯粹法律问题外，还将法律置入人性、政体中来研究，突显法律与政治的关系。最后，在研究方法上，以犯罪与惩罚作为切入点，层层推迸，，透过诸类罪名和刑罚之规定，理解柏拉图写作《法律篇》的意图。
[Abstract]:The subject of Chapter 9 of the Law is the crime and the punishment, the thesis tries to take the ninth volume as the entry point, not only to discuss the various charges and penalties provided by Plato, but also to study the thought of them. When the types of crime and the performance of the penalty are presented and the ideological foundation is revealed, it will see how Plato can combine the human nature, the law and the state of the city perfectly. In Plato's view, the disorder of the order of the soul is the root of the crime, and the crime is a kind of misfortune. Therefore, the purpose of the punishment is no longer the revenge, but the soul of the diagnosis and treatment is the good. The noble spirit makes the city state of justice, the cultivation of the citizen's virtue, in addition to the enlightenment, also depends on the law to practice and punish the behavior of the anomie. Therefore, the law is not a dogma of deadlock, but is rooted in the state of the city and the human nature. Politics and law are the natural twin brothers and sisters, which is the teaching of Plato to the world. The full text consists of the introduction, the text and the reference. Composition. The text is divided into six Chapter. Introduction: Mainly metasomatic research method, writing purpose, home and abroad The present paper is to understand Plato's theory of crime and punishment in a way that is close to the text reading. the preparation of the similarities and differences; the second is to study Plato's writing from the point of view of the law Chapter One: To introduce Plato's dialogue with him: Two is the analysis of Plato and the , , 3. The relationship between the dialogues. The second chapter is to study the text. It includes three aspects: the main purpose of the article: the Greek civilization of the decline of diagnosis and treatment; the second is the discussion of the relationship between the law and the ninth volume; and the third is the summary. Content of Volume 9. Chapter 3: Discussion The basic theory of Plato's crime and punishment, which is equivalent to the "trunk>" genera of the criminal law The cause of the person's crime, the one who is not voluntary, and the punishment. The purpose of the article, as well as the meaning of the crime and the punishment. unk> "split" . Make a look at the charges and the penalty, respectively, and elaborate on the basis of the crime and the penalty. including politics, philosophy, history, culture, etc. Chapter five: Focus on the relationship between the crime of blasphemy and the right of God, and the theological foundation of the sin of the blasphemy. The specific provisions, as well as the relationship between the crime of blasphemy and the establishment of a system of divine right.> The subject of the ninth volume, in turn, reveals the intention of the true writing. In general, there are three aspects of innovation. First, in the material selection, Plato's theory of crime and punishment is the material collected by the author. in view of that fact that the legal circle has not made a special study in the field of research, it is a blank research field. The law is also put into the human nature and the system of government to study and highlight the relationship between the law and the politics.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D909.1

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