中国古代共同犯罪制度研究

发布时间：2018-12-15 13:34

【摘要】：共同犯罪是刑法理论的复杂领域之一,有人将其称为刑法学的黑洞,也有人将其称为刑法学的迷宫。前苏联罪权威的刑法学者特拉伊宁说过,刑法理论中最复杂的学说就是共同犯罪。从刑事立法的角度讲,对共同犯罪的规定是否科学、完备,在某种程度上决定着一部刑法典的水平与价值。中国古代的共同犯罪,从具体的、例举式的规定到抽象的、概括性的规定,从粗犷的规定到详尽而完备的立法,共经历了萌芽、形成、发展、成熟等阶段。全文共分为四部分。引言部分首先说明了本文的研究对象、研究现状及研究方法。第一部分“中国古代‘共同犯罪’的概念及其制度变迁历史”,首先,对古代共同犯罪概念对进行介绍,比较了与现代刑法共同犯罪概念的不同点,其次,重点对中国历史上诸朝关于共同犯罪的内容进行梳理,展现了共同犯罪立法产生及其逐步完善的过程,并对诸朝代的共同犯罪制度的特点进行了总结。第二部分“共同犯罪的构成”,从犯罪主体、犯罪主观方面、犯罪客体和犯罪客观方面进行了分析。从犯罪主体的角度而言,古代犯罪人的刑事责任年龄在不同的朝代有不同的规定,并且对犯罪人的身份有特别规定,其处罚程度也不同；主观方面,将主观故意和过失都纳入共同犯罪的主观过错范畴,规定了相应的责任；犯罪客体方面,由于古代犯罪客体的特殊性,故对其也进行了简单论述；客观方面,对于作为、不作为及同时犯、实行过限都进行了规定。第三部分“共同犯罪人的种类和刑事责任”,共同犯罪人的法定共犯人种类只有首犯和从犯,教令犯和胁从犯均不是法定的共犯人种类的分类,本文对其原因进行了详细论述,对古代律典中对教令犯、胁从犯的有关规定进行了总结,最后对典型的共同犯罪的案例进行了分析。第四部分“古代共同犯罪的立法渊源、特点及借鉴意义”,从传统刑法文化和乡土社会对共同犯罪的影响的角度来解读中国古代形成独具特色的共同犯罪制度的原因,并对其特点进行了总结,从共同犯罪的犯罪人逃亡的处理和共同过失犯罪两个方面进行探讨,期望能在古代共同犯罪内容的基础上,以史为鉴,使现行刑法能在与古代刑法的比较中获得点滴收益。
[Abstract]:Joint crime is one of the complicated fields of criminal law theory, some call it the black hole of criminal law, others call it the maze of criminal law. Former Soviet crime authority criminal law guru Trainen said that the most complex theory of criminal law theory is joint crime. From the angle of criminal legislation, whether the regulation of joint crime is scientific and complete, to some extent, determines the level and value of a criminal code. The common crime in ancient China went through the stages of germination, formation, development and maturity, from concrete and illustrative provisions to abstract and general provisions, from rough provisions to detailed and complete legislation. The full text is divided into four parts. The introduction first explains the research object, the present situation and the research method of this paper. The first part is "the concept of 'joint crime' in ancient China and its history of institutional change. Firstly, it introduces the concept of joint crime in ancient times, and compares the differences between the concept of 'joint crime' and the concept of joint crime in modern criminal law. This paper focuses on combing the contents of the joint crime in the dynasties in Chinese history, showing the process of producing and perfecting the joint crime legislation, and summarizing the characteristics of the joint crime system of the various dynasties. The second part, the constitution of joint crime, analyzes the subject of crime, subjective aspect of crime, object of crime and objective aspect of crime. From the point of view of the subject of crime, the criminal responsibility age of the ancient criminals has different regulations in different dynasties, and there are special provisions on the identity of the offenders, and the degree of punishment is also different. On the subjective side, the subjective intention and negligence are brought into the category of joint crime subjective fault, and the corresponding responsibility is stipulated, the object of crime, because of the particularity of the ancient criminal object, is also briefly discussed. Objectively, for acts, omissions and simultaneously committed, the implementation of excessive restrictions are stipulated. The third part is "the category and criminal responsibility of the joint offender", the legal accomplice of the joint offender is only the first offender and the accomplice, the teaching order offender and the coerced offender are not the legal category of accomplices, the reasons are discussed in detail in this paper. This paper sums up the relevant provisions of the ancient law code on the obituary crime and the coerced crime, and finally analyzes the typical cases of joint crime. The fourth part "the legislative origin, characteristics and reference significance of ancient joint crime", from the perspective of the traditional criminal law culture and the impact of local society on joint crime, to interpret the reasons for the formation of unique common crime system in ancient China. The characteristics of the joint crime are summarized and discussed from two aspects: the handling of the escape of the joint offender and the joint negligent crime. It is expected that the history can be used as a mirror on the basis of the contents of the ancient joint crime. So that the existing criminal law can be compared with the ancient criminal law to obtain a bit of income.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D929;D924.11

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