美国《不让一个孩子掉队法案》（NCLB）的实施过程探析

发布时间：2018-12-20 13:58

【摘要】：2002年,美国通过了NCLB法案,这个法案自出台之日起就成为美国教育界讨论的焦点。可以预见的是,它将对21世纪的美国教育产生非常深远的影响。之所以出台这个法案是因为联邦政府对日趋下降的公立学校教育教学质量不满,且忧心于美国学生在国际学术竞赛中的频频失利,由于其一贯的危机感,它决定出台一个新的教育法案来提高公立学校的教育质量,提高所有学生的学习成绩。这也可以从这个法案的名字上得到印证,不让一个孩子掉队。NCLB法案出台之后,美国学生的学习成绩有较大的提高,公立学校和教师的质量也有大的提升。不过作为一个还正在被修订的法案,它也有不少的问题与矛盾。通过研究这个法案,不仅可以使我们了解到美国教育政策的最新实施情况,更为重要的是,它可以为我国的教育改革服务,在我国的教育改革中借鉴美国教育政策制定的经验与教训。本文主要采用了文献资料法、历史分析法和比较研究法等方法对NCLB法案的实施过程进行深入研究。论文首先探讨了究竟是什么背景促使NCLB法案的出台,教育标准化运动和新自由主义成为影响NCLB法案出台的主要背景。接下来通过美国教师组织、教育研究机构以及其它利益集团这三方面来探讨NCLB法案的影响因素。再下来对NCLB法案实施中取得的主要成果和存在的主要问题加以概括总结。最后,着重于NCLB法案带来的反思及对我国的启示。
[Abstract]:In 2002, the United States passed the NCLB Act, which has been the focus of American education since it was introduced. Predictably, it will have a very profound impact on American education in the 21 st century. The bill was introduced because the federal government is dissatisfied with the declining quality of education in public schools and is concerned about the frequent loss of American students in international academic competitions, as well as its constant sense of crisis. It decided to introduce a new education bill to improve the quality of education in public schools and improve the academic performance of all students. This can be seen in the name of the law, which keeps a child from falling behind. After the NCLB Act, American students improved their academic performance and the quality of public schools and teachers improved a lot. But as a bill that is still being amended, it also has many problems and contradictions. By studying this bill, not only can we learn about the latest implementation of US education policy, but more importantly, it can serve the education reform in our country. To learn from the experience and lessons of American educational policy formulation in China's educational reform. In this paper, the methods of literature, historical analysis and comparative research are used to study the implementation process of NCLB Act. This paper first discusses what the background of the NCLB Act is. The movement of educational standardization and neoliberalism become the main background of the impact of the NCLB Act. Then, the influence factors of the NCLB Act are discussed from three aspects: American Teachers' Organization, Educational Research Institute and other interest groups. Then the main achievements and problems in the implementation of the NCLB Act are summarized. At last, it focuses on the reflection brought by NCLB Act and the enlightenment to our country.
【学位授予单位】：沈阳师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D971.2;DD912.1

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