德国民事执行之财产释明制度研究

发布时间：2019-01-27 13:50

【摘要】：财产释明制度是德国民事执行的重要组成,被视为“对债务人进行法律追究的最后的有效手段”。在现代民事执行严格限制对人执行的背景下,财产释明制度作为最后的手段对于债权人实现债权更是起着不可或缺的作用。从现行《德国民事诉讼法》强制执行篇的体例来看,财产释明制度主要由债务人财产开示及代宣誓保证、债务人拘留、债务人名录构成。本文即是以德国民事执行中的财产释明制度为研究对象。通过回溯财产释明制度主要组成部分的历史演进,运用历史分析法呈现出该制度的渊源与传统,厘清制度在其发展过程中所面临的法律环境、社会状况等多方位的变迁对其产生的影响；在理论分析的章节,引入法律经济学和法学的视角,以期通过传统的形而上的法学相关理论来透视这个具有很强实践性和操作性的制度。在对财产释明制度各组成部分进行详细分析时,将法条与案例结合,探究法条在司法实践中的运用以及司法实践对法条的扩展,以此揭示两者极具张力的互动关系。德国民事执行框架内的财产释明制度一直以其周密的制度设计以及良好的实践效果成为各国相关立法的典范。通过对德国财产释明制度从宏观到微观、由面及点的理论和实证分析,以期揭示财产释明制度的运行机理、构架设计和实践操作。以上述分析所获取的认知为基础,梳理我国相关制度即债务人财产申报以及债务人名录的发展与现状,揭示我国相关制度的优点与不足。本文的最终目的在于,在德国财产释明制度中发掘适合我国法治现状的,能够付诸民事执行实践的有用之处,以期实现我国财产释明制度的系统化建设,从而为我国民事执行的立法完善并最终为我国司法现代化的进程建言献策。通过对德国财产释明制度的剖析、对我国相关制度的梳理,笔者发现,在大陆法的共同立法背景下,我国的民事执行完全在制度上、实践上存在建立系统性的财产释明制度的可能。从我国现行的相关制度来看,已经在立法上确认了债务人财产申报以及债务人名录,这无疑为借鉴德国财产释明制度奠定了良好的基础；从我国民事执行司法实践来看,丰富民事执行的措施、加大民事执行的力度已经成为司法者共同的呼吁。因此,在债务人财产申报和债务人名录的衔接并以实践为导向的系统化上,德国财产释明制度是有益的立法榜样。同时,还必须认清,我国民事执行面临的环境更为困难和复杂。在借鉴德国财产释明制度的基础上,还应该完善适应我国民事执行现状的、能够为我国财产释明制度良性运行保驾护航的相关配套制度。
[Abstract]:Property interpretation system is an important component of German civil enforcement and is regarded as "the last effective means to investigate the debtor". Under the background of modern civil execution strictly restricting the execution of people, the system of property interpretation as a last resort plays an indispensable role in the creditor's realization of creditor's rights. According to the method of compulsory execution in the current German Civil procedure Law, the property interpretation system is mainly composed of the debtor's property disclosure and pledge on behalf of the oath, the debtor's detention and the debtor's directory. This article takes the property interpretation system in German civil execution as the research object. By looking back at the historical evolution of the main components of the property interpretation system, the author uses the historical analysis method to present the origin and tradition of the system, and clarifies the legal environment that the system faces in the course of its development. The influence of social situation and other changes on it; In the chapter of theoretical analysis, the author introduces the perspective of legal economics and law, in order to see through the traditional metaphysical theory of law related to this system, which has strong practicality and maneuverability. In the detailed analysis of each component of the property interpretation system, the article combines the law with the case, and probes into the application of the law in the judicial practice and the expansion of the law in the judicial practice, so as to reveal the interactive relationship between the law and the law with great tension. The property interpretation system in the framework of civil enforcement in Germany has been a model of relevant legislation in various countries with its careful system design and good practical effect. Based on the theoretical and empirical analysis of German property interpretation system from macro to micro, this paper aims to reveal the operating mechanism, frame design and practical operation of property interpretation system. On the basis of the cognition obtained by the above analysis, this paper combs the development and present situation of the relevant systems of our country, that is, the declaration of debtors' property and the list of debtors, and reveals the advantages and disadvantages of the relevant systems in our country. The ultimate purpose of this paper is to find out the useful points in the German property interpretation system which can be put into the practice of civil execution in order to realize the systematic construction of the property interpretation system in our country. So as to improve the legislation of civil enforcement and ultimately for the process of judicial modernization in China. By analyzing the property interpretation system in Germany and combing the relevant systems in China, the author finds that under the common legislative background of the continental law, the civil execution of our country is entirely in the system. In practice, it is possible to establish a systematic system of property interpretation. From the current system of our country, the declaration of debtor's property and the list of debtors have been confirmed in legislation, which has undoubtedly laid a good foundation for the reference of German property interpretation system. From the judicial practice of civil execution in our country, enriching the measures of civil execution and strengthening the strength of civil execution have become the common appeal of the judiciary. Therefore, German property interpretation system is a useful legislative example in the connection of debtor property declaration and debtor directory and practice-oriented systematization. At the same time, we must recognize that the environment of civil execution in China is more difficult and complex. On the basis of drawing lessons from the German property interpretation system, we should also perfect the relevant supporting system which adapts to the present situation of civil execution in our country and can guarantee the good operation of the property interpretation system in our country.
【学位授予单位】：南京理工大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D951.6

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