清朝会审制度及现代启示

发布时间：2019-03-17 07:06

【摘要】：清朝作为中国封建社会最后一个王朝,在法制建设方面取得了辉煌的成就,所以说清朝是中国封建社会法律建设之集大成者,清朝的会审制度作为古代中国最为重要的刑事审判制度之一,它在继承和发展古前朝的会审审判制度的基础上,清王朝形成了它特有的并且相对独立而且完善的会审制度。一个国家或民族的司法审判制度在一定程度上代表着这个国家法治建设和法治文明的程度,清朝会审制度的确是一个值得我们研究和关注的传统刑事司法审判问题。本文详细的研究描述和概览了清朝会审制度的面貌,通过对其详细而且全面的研究,使我们可以清晰的了解清朝社会经济政治的典型特点,其实对我们而言更为重要的意义和启发是我们通过全面系统详尽的制度化研究能够从中发现中国最后一个封建王朝清朝的会审制度的优点和缺点,长处和短处,因此能够使我们在批判前人并且继承这个中国古代传统优秀的司法实践成果,为当代我们的现代化法律制度建设服务。首先,开篇首先从理论上对清朝的会审制度进行了概括综述。主要全面深入的考察了清王朝当时的社会背景和社会现实以及当时社会的法制思想对会审制度构建和运行的影响以及清王朝统治者为什么全力推行会审制度的原因。阐述和表明了清王朝统治者对会审制度给予高度重视的原因和意图。中国古代封建社会的会审制度主要集中的体现出清王朝统治者“慎刑慎罚”的人本主义法制思想,而且也当然的作为清王朝重要的审判制度之一的会审制度也必然是封建专制统治者维持高度集权的专制化统治的重要手段。其次,文章结合相关的背景资料和研究成果重点考察了清王朝会审制度的主要内容、形成模式和组织形式。并且还对清朝会审制度构建和运行产生重要和直接影响的前明朝的经济政治和社会情况及思想文化做了简单的研究,从而更好的对清王朝的会审制度的典型特征加以说明以及它如何继承和发展了前明朝的会审制度。再次,探讨了清王朝会审制度是如何维护封建帝王的专治统治、如何进一步加强皇权对司法的严格控制,也是我们更深刻的认识到尽管清朝的会审制度在刑事司法制度史上有着极其重要而且积极的意义,也是我们能够清醒的认识到清朝会审制度中显著存在着的擅权专断、流于形式的缺点,重点研究考察了重大与疑难案件的审查形式以及死刑案件的上奏复核的主客观作用等。最后,当然也是最重要的落脚点即分析清王朝会审制度的优劣主要是对现实具有怎样的借鉴意义,在司法改革如火如荼的今天具有怎样的现实意义,这才是我们应该深入思考的问题之关键。
[Abstract]:As the last dynasty of the feudal society in China, the Qing Dynasty made brilliant achievements in the construction of the legal system, so the Qing Dynasty was the integrator of the legal construction of the feudal society in China. As one of the most important criminal trial systems in ancient China, the Qing Dynasty formed its unique, relatively independent and perfect trial system on the basis of inheriting and developing the trial system of the ancient pre-Qing Dynasty. The judicial trial system of a country or nation represents to a certain extent the degree of the construction of the rule of law and the civilization of the rule of law in this country. The judicial system of the Qing Dynasty is indeed a traditional criminal judicial issue worthy of our study and concern. This paper gives a detailed description and overview of the appearance of the Qing Dynasty trial system. Through the detailed and comprehensive study, we can clearly understand the typical characteristics of the Qing Dynasty's socio-economic and political system. In fact, the more important significance and inspiration for us is that through a comprehensive, systematic and detailed institutionalization study, we can discover the advantages and disadvantages, strengths and weaknesses of the last feudal dynasty, the Qing Dynasty, in China. Therefore, we can criticize predecessors and inherit the excellent achievements of judicial practice in ancient China so as to serve our modern legal system construction. First of all, the beginning of the Qing Dynasty from a theoretical review of the trial system. This paper makes a thorough investigation into the social background and reality of the Qing Dynasty and the influence of the legal thought on the construction and operation of the trial system, as well as the reasons why the rulers of the Qing Dynasty carried out the trial system with all their strength. This paper expounds and shows the reason and intention that the Qing Dynasty rulers attach great importance to the trial system. The review system of feudal society in ancient China mainly embodied the humanistic legal thought of "careful punishment and punishment" of the rulers of the Qing Dynasty. And, of course, as one of the important judicial systems of Qing Dynasty, the trial system is also an important means for feudal autocratic rulers to maintain a high degree of centralization of the dictatorship. Secondly, the paper focuses on the main contents, formation patterns and organizational forms of the Qing Dynasty review system with relevant background data and research results. It also makes a simple study on the economic, political, social, ideological and cultural conditions of the pre-Ming Dynasty, which had an important and direct impact on the construction and operation of the Qing Dynasty's trial system. In order to better explain the typical characteristics of the Qing Dynasty trial system and how it inherited and developed the pre-Ming Dynasty trial system. Thirdly, it discusses how to maintain the feudal monarchy and how to further strengthen the strict control of the imperial power over the administration of justice in the Qing Dynasty. It is also our deeper understanding that, despite the extremely important and positive significance of the trial system of the Qing Dynasty in the history of the criminal justice system, it is also a sobering awareness of the arbitrariness and arbitrariness that clearly exists in the judicial system of the Qing Dynasty, Due to the shortcomings of formality, the review forms of important and difficult cases and the subjective and objective function of the review of death penalty cases are mainly studied in this paper. Finally, of course, it is of course the most important foothold to analyze the merits and demerits of the Qing Dynasty's trial system, which is mainly what reference significance it has to the reality and what practical significance it has today when the judicial reform is in full swing. This is the key to what we should think about in depth.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：D929

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