试论中国古代刑讯制度
发布时间：2019-03-30 17:09
【摘要】：刑讯源自远古的神判,始于西周,横亘二千余年,自唐代时迈向成熟,自明清时走向没落。刑讯是证据采集的手段之一,亦是司法程序的重要组成部分。纵观中国古代立法,《唐律》是刑讯制度的集大成者,后世历朝关于刑讯的立法大多以《唐律》作为蓝本。中国古代关于刑讯的立法虽对刑讯对象、刑讯手段、刑具的使用以及违法刑讯应承担的责任基本作出了规定,但由于中国古代刑事诉讼采用“有罪推定”的断案原则和“口供至上”的证据规则,且缺乏有效的人权保障手段,司法实践中所存在的违法拷讯和法外拷讯现象屡禁不绝。再者,中国历代统治者为保障其统治稳固,极度重视刑狱,在这种环境下,刑讯便不可避免地成为审理案件的必要手段。正因为如此,刑讯制度贯穿了中国整个封建社会,虽在一定程度上保证了刑事诉讼的顺利进行,却也在客观上屡屡造成冤案。如果不是因为清末内外压力,合法的刑讯制度恐仍将继续下去。
[Abstract]:Torture originated from the ancient divine judgment, began in the Western Zhou Dynasty, lasted more than 2,000 years, from the Tang Dynasty to maturity, from the Ming and Qing dynasties to decline. Torture is one of the means of collecting evidence, and it is also an important part of judicial procedure. Throughout the ancient Chinese legislation, the Tang Law is the epitome of the torture system, and most of the later dynasties' legislation on torture is based on the Tang Law. Although the ancient Chinese legislation on torture laid down the basic provisions on the object of torture, the means of torture, the use of torture tools, and the responsibility to be borne by criminal proceedings against the law, However, due to the adoption of the principle of "presumption of guilt" and the evidence rule of "the supremacy of confessions" in ancient Chinese criminal proceedings, and the lack of effective means of human rights protection, illegal and extrajudicial torture in judicial practice has been repeated. Moreover, in order to ensure the stability of China's rule, Chinese rulers attach great importance to prison, in this environment, torture will inevitably become a necessary means of trial cases. Because of this, the torture system runs through the whole feudal society of China. Although to a certain extent, it guarantees the smooth progress of the criminal procedure, but it also causes many wrongs objectively. Had it not been for internal and external pressure at the end of the Qing Dynasty, the legitimate torture system would have continued.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D929;D924
本文编号：2450304
[Abstract]:Torture originated from the ancient divine judgment, began in the Western Zhou Dynasty, lasted more than 2,000 years, from the Tang Dynasty to maturity, from the Ming and Qing dynasties to decline. Torture is one of the means of collecting evidence, and it is also an important part of judicial procedure. Throughout the ancient Chinese legislation, the Tang Law is the epitome of the torture system, and most of the later dynasties' legislation on torture is based on the Tang Law. Although the ancient Chinese legislation on torture laid down the basic provisions on the object of torture, the means of torture, the use of torture tools, and the responsibility to be borne by criminal proceedings against the law, However, due to the adoption of the principle of "presumption of guilt" and the evidence rule of "the supremacy of confessions" in ancient Chinese criminal proceedings, and the lack of effective means of human rights protection, illegal and extrajudicial torture in judicial practice has been repeated. Moreover, in order to ensure the stability of China's rule, Chinese rulers attach great importance to prison, in this environment, torture will inevitably become a necessary means of trial cases. Because of this, the torture system runs through the whole feudal society of China. Although to a certain extent, it guarantees the smooth progress of the criminal procedure, but it also causes many wrongs objectively. Had it not been for internal and external pressure at the end of the Qing Dynasty, the legitimate torture system would have continued.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D929;D924
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